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EC number: 215-219-9 | CAS number: 1314-11-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The references contained in this summary entry represent investigations on the bioaccumulation of strontium in freshwater algae. The study was not conducted according to any guideline but meets basic criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). Hence, this information contained therein is used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Stanek et al. (1990):
The study describes the 90Sr transfer from water into the particular compartments of simplified experimental aquatic system - the sediments, algae, invertebrate (gastropods) and fishes - based on a model experiment simulating conditions of the release of liquid nuclear waste to a river. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Stanek et al. (1990):
Samples have been taken in gradually prolongating intervals of water (20 mL) and of other materials (30 g or 1 fish). Samples of compact materials were dried at 105°C, the tissues of gastropods were seperated in shell and soft tissue, fish sampels were bones, scales and musculature. - Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Stanek et al. (1990): river water in a 500 L circular fibre-glass tank and stocked with sediment. On the second day the radiostrontium was added.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: different algae
- Details on test organisms:
- Stanek et al. (1990): Cladophora glomerata; total amount added: 12.5 kg
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- other: Stanek et al. (1990): static
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Details on test conditions:
- Total exposure/uptake duration:
Stanek et al. (1990): 22 days - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Stanek et al. (1990): measured data: yes; 191.5 Bq/L
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Stanek et al. (1990): BCF = AC = ae/a0
- Remarks on result:
- other: See Table below.
- Conclusions:
- The study is considered sufficient to use the derived BAF in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of strontium accumulation. However, steady-state conditions may not be met.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The reference contained in this summary entry represents an investigation on the bioaccumulation of strontium in saltwater algae. The study was not conducted according to any guideline but meets basic criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). Hence, this information contained therein is used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Several marine organisms were collected and the 85Sr concentration was measured by AAS after ashing the samples. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Ueda et al. (1973): Marine organisms, 241 samples of 63 species, were collected from the coastal sea of Japan. All samples were ignited at 550℃ in an electric muffle furnace. The chemical analysis of stable Sr was performed on the ashed sample.
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Ueda et al. (1973): not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: see below
- Details on test organisms:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Algae: Ulva pertusa; Sargassum fulvellum; Undaria finnatifida; Eisenia bicyclis; Ecklonia cava; Gelidium amansii; Porphyra tenera; Porphyra pseudolinearis; Bangia gloiopeltidicota - Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- other: Ueda et al. (1973): field study;
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: marine
- Details on test conditions:
- Ueda et al. (1973): no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Ueda et al. (1973): no; default concentration 8mg of Sr per liter of sea water was used.
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Concentration factor (CF; Sr organlsm/Sr seawater) - Remarks on result:
- other: See Table below.
- Conclusions:
- The study is considered sufficient to use the derived BAF in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of strontium accumulation.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The reference contained in this summary entry represents an investigation on the bioaccumulation of strontium in saltwater crustacean species. The study was not conducted according to any guideline but meets basic criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). Hence, this information contained therein is used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Several marine organisms were collected and the 85Sr concentration was measured by AAS after ashing the samples. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Ueda et al. (1973): Marine organisms, 241 samples of 63 species, were collected from the coastal sea of Japan. All samples were ignited at 550℃ in an electric muffle furnace. The chemical analysis of stable Sr was performed on the ashed sample.
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Ueda et al. (1973): not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: different crustacea
- Details on test organisms:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Crustacea: Paralithodes camtschatica; Acanthodes armatus; Ovalipes punctatus; Portunus trituberculatus; Erimacrus isenhechii; Macrocheira Kaempferi; Hemigrapsus sanquineus; Penaeus orientalis; Panulirus japonicus; Penaeus japonicus; Sergestes lucens; Mitella mitella; Chthamalus challengeri; Ligia exotica; Squilla oratoria - Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- other: Ueda et al. (1973): field study;
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: marine
- Details on test conditions:
- Ueda et al. (1973): no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Ueda et al. (1973): no; default concentration 8mg of Sr per liter of sea water was used.
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Concentration factor (CF; Sr organlsm/Sr seawater)
- Remarks on result:
- other: See Table below.
- Conclusions:
- The study is considered sufficient to use the derived BAF in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of strontium accumulation.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The reference contained in this summary entry represents an investigation on the bioaccumulation of strontium in different saltwater echniodermata and coelenterata. The study was not conducted according to any guideline but meets basic criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). Hence, this information contained therein is used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Several marine organisms were collected and the 85Sr concentration was measured by AAS after ashing the samples. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Ueda et al. (1973): Marine organisms, 241 samples of 63 species, were collected from the coastal sea of Japan. All samples were ignited at 550℃ in an electric muffle furnace. The chemical analysis of stable Sr was performed on the ashed sample.
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Ueda et al. (1973): not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: different echniodermata and coelenterata
- Details on test organisms:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Echniodermata: Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus; Anthocidaris Crassispina; Coscinasterias acutispina; Asterina pectinifera
Coelenterata: Aurellia aurita; Actinia eqina - Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- other: Ueda et al. (1973): field study;
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: marine
- Details on test conditions:
- Ueda et al. (1973): no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Ueda et al. (1973): no; default concentration 8mg of Sr per liter of sea water was used.
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Concentration factor (CF; Sr organlsm/Sr seawater) - Remarks on result:
- other: See Table below
- Conclusions:
- The study is considered sufficient to use the derived BAFs in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of strontium accumulation.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The references contained in this summary entry represent investigations on the bioaccumulation of strontium in a freshwater fish. The studies were not conducted according to any guideline but meet basic criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). Hence, this information contained therein is used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Nakamoto and Hassler (1992):
The Strontium concentration was determined in bluegills of two different sources and in the respective river waters of the Merced River and the Salt Rough.
Stanek et al. (1990):
The study describes the 90Sr transfer from water into the particular compartments of simplified experimental aquatic system - the sediments, algae, invertebrate (gastropods) and fishes - based on a model experiment simulating conditions of the release of liquid nuclear waste to a river.
Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001):
The aim of the study was to examine the linkage between strontium in freshwater and accumulation in different fish species. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Nakamoto and Hassler (1992):
Duplicate water quality measurements were taken at three equal intervals across both channels. Composite samples of filtered and unfiltered water were collected and either acidified and frozen or refrigerated. Ten composite carcass and 10 composite gonad samples each from the Merced River and the Salt Slough were analysed. Each composite sample consisted of carcass or gonad samples either from 2 female bluegills or 3 male bluegills.
Stanek et al. (1990):
Samples have been taken in gradually prolongating intervals of water (20 mL) and of other materials (30 g or 1 fish). Samples of compact materials were dried at 105°C, the tissues of gastropods were seperated in shell and soft tissue, fish sampels were bones, scales and musculature.
Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001):
Samples were collected during and shortly after autumn overturn in the Kola region (460 lakes were studied).Water samples were collected at each lake's major outlet. Three fish species were collected from 37 sites and caught with standard gillnets (10-45 mm). Sample size varied but were typically >100. - Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Nakamoto and Hassler (1992): not applicable; field study
Stanek et al. (1990): river water in a 500 L circular fibre-glass tank and stocked with sediment. On the second day the radiostrontium was added.
Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001): not applicable; field study - Test organisms (species):
- other: differnet fish species
- Details on test organisms:
- Nakamoto and Hassler (1992):
Lepomis macrochirus
Stanek et al. (1990):
Cyprinus carpio; 25 individuals, age 1+, mean weight 0.1 kg
Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001):
Coregonus lavaretus L.; common age group (5-6 yrs); not spawning
Salmo trutta; common age group (5-6 yrs); not spawning
Salvelinus alpinus; common age group (5-6 yrs); not spawning - Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- other: Nakamoto and Hassler (1992); Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001): field study; Stanek et al. (1990): static
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Details on test conditions:
- Total exposure/uptake duration:
Nakamoto and Hassler (1992): March to June 1988
Stanek et al. (1990): 22 days
Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001): not stated (field study); research was carried out during the period 1995-1997 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nakamoto and Hassler (1992): measured data: yes; Merced River: 0.138 µg Sr/mL (filtered), 0.138 µg Sr/mL (unfiltered); Salt Rough: 1.106 µg Sr/mL (filtered), 1.143 µg Sr/mL (unfiltered)
Stanek et al. (1990): measured data: yes; 191.5 Bq/L
Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001): measured data: yes; Zone V: 0.066 (0.05- 0.22) µg/mL; Zone VI: 0.016 (0.004-0.05) µg/mL; Zone III: 0.009 (0.005-0.026) µg/mL - Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Nakamoto and Hassler (1992): BCF = (µg/g wwt bluegill tissue)/(µg/mL unfiltered water)
Stanek et al. (1990): BCF = AC = ae/a0
Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001): BAF = (Accumulation of Sr (µg/g dwt) in fish organs and tissues)/(concentration Sr (µg/L) in surface water) - Remarks on result:
- other: See Table below.
- Reported statistics:
- Nakamoto and Hassler (1992): Concentrations in tissues were log transformed. Analysis of variance, t-tests, and Spearman's Rank Correlation tests were used (p≤0.05).
- Conclusions:
- The studies are considered sufficient to use the derived BAFs in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of strontium accumulation. However, steady-state conditions may not always be met.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The reference contained in this summary entry represents an investigation on the bioaccumulation of strontium in saltwater fish. The study was not conducted according to any guideline but meets basic criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). Hence, this information contained therein is used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Several marine organisms were collected and the 85Sr concentration was measured by AAS after ashing the samples. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Ueda et al. (1973): Marine organisms, 241 samples of 63 species, were collected from the coastal sea of Japan. All samples were ignited at 550℃ in an electric muffle furnace. The chemical analysis of stable Sr was performed on the ashed sample.
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Ueda et al. (1973): not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- other: different fish species
- Details on test organisms:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Mugil cephalus; Lateotabrax japonicus; Gadus macrocephalus; Chrysophrys major; Mylio macrocephalus; Ditrema temmincki; Sebastolabus macrochir; Scomber japonicus; Limanda irrdorum; Argyrosomus argentatus; Trachurus japonicus; Paralichthyos livaceus; Sebastodes güntherii; Sebastodes schlegeli; Hexagrammos otakii; Seriola quinqueradiata; Konosirus punctatus. - Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- other: Ueda et al. (1973): field study;
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: marine
- Details on test conditions:
- Ueda et al. (1973): no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Ueda et al. (1973): no; default concentration 8mg of Sr per liter of sea water was used.
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Ueda et al. (1973):
Concentration factor (CF; Sr organlsm/Sr seawater) - Remarks on result:
- other: See Table below.
- Conclusions:
- The study is considered sufficient to use the derived BAF in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of strontium accumulation.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The references contained in this summary entry represent investigation son the bioaccumulation of strontium in saltwater molluscs. The studies were not conducted according to any guideline but meet basic criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). Hence, this information contained therein is used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Bologna (1984):
Aim of the study was to determine the concentration factors of 85Sr in two saltwater bivale molluscs under laboratory conditions.
Ueda et al. (1973):
Several marine organisms were collected and the 85Sr concentration was measured by AAS after ashing the samples. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Bologna (1984): Water samples (2 mL) and Molluscs samples (n=2-3) were collected and radioanalysed every 2-3 days simultanously.
Ueda et al. (1973): Marine organisms, 241 samples of 63 species, were collected from the coastal sea of Japan. All samples were ignited at 550℃ in an electric muffle furnace. The chemical analysis of stable Sr was performed on the ashed sample. - Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Bologna (1984): aqueous stock solution
Ueda et al. (1973): not applicable - Test organisms (species):
- other: different mollusca
- Details on test organisms:
- Bologna (1984):
Mytilus galloprovincialis; marine mollusca; adults; Romanian Black Sea shore; collected 1982-1984 and cleaned.
Mya arenaris; marine mollusca; juveniles and adults; Romanian Black Sea shore; collected 1982-1984 and cleaned.
Ueda et al. (1973):
different mollusca: Crassostrea gigas; Miytilus edulis; Meretrix meretirix lamarckii; Tapes philippinarum; Cronia margariticola; Sulcus diversicolor aquatilis; Batillus cornutus; Nordotis discus; Liolophura japonica; Aplysfa kurodai; Siphonaria japonica; Sepia seculenta.
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- other: Bologna (1984): static; Ueda et al. (1973): field study;
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: marine
- Details on test conditions:
- Total exposure/uptake duration:
Bologna (1984): Mytilus galloprovincialis: 20-105 days; Mya arenaris: 20-41 days.
Ueda et al. (1973): no data - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Bologna (1984): yes; individually for each test measured concentrations (arithmetic mean) in water and tissue.
Ueda et al. (1973): no; default concentration 8mg of Sr per liter of sea water was used. - Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Bologna (1984):
Concentration factor (CF) is the ratio between disintegrations per minute per gramm shell or fresh weight and disintegrations per minute per milliliter water.
CF = (dpm/g shell or fresh weight)/(dpm/mL water)
Ueda et al. (1973):
Concentration factor (CF; Sr organlsm/Sr seawater) - Remarks on result:
- other: See Table below.
- Conclusions:
- The studies are considered sufficient to use the derived BAF in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of strontium accumulation. However, steady-state conditions may not always be met.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The reference contained in this summary entry represents an investigation on the bioaccumulation of strontium in freshwater molluscs. The study was not conducted according to any guideline but meets basic criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). Hence, this information contained therein is used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Stanek et al. (1990):
The study describes the 90Sr transfer from water into the particular compartments of a simplified experimental aquatic system - the sediments, algae, invertebrate (gastropods) and fishes - based on a model experiment simulating conditions of the release of liquid nuclear waste to a river. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Stanek et al. (1990):
Samples have been taken in gradually prolongating intervals of water (20 mL) and of other materials (30 g or 1 fish). Samples of compact materials were dried at 105°C, the tissues of gastropods were seperated in shell and soft tissue, fish sampels were bones, scales and musculature. - Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Stanek et al. (1990): river water in a 500 L circular fibre-glass tank and stocked with sediment. On the second day the radiostrontium was added.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: see below
- Details on test organisms:
- Stanek et al. (1990): Planorbarius corneus (linnaeus, 1758); mean mass 0.2 kg
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- other: Stanek et al. (1990): static
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Details on test conditions:
- Stanek et al. (1990): 22 days
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Stanek et al. (1990): measured data: yes; 191.5 Bq/L
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Stanek et al. (1990): BCF = AC = ae/a0
- Remarks on result:
- other: See Table below.
- Conclusions:
- The study is considered sufficient to use the derived BAF in a weight of evidence approach for the evaluation of strontium accumulation. However, steady-state conditions may not be met.
Referenceopen allclose all
Stanek et al. (1990):
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
191.5 Bq/L |
BCF |
115 |
Whole body; total mass |
0.7 d |
Ueda et al. (1973):
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value |
Basis |
Remarks |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
2 |
Whole body |
Ulva pertusa |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
31 |
Whole body |
Sargassum fulvellum |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
18 |
Whole body |
Undaria finnatifida |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
25 |
Whole body |
Eisenia bicyclis |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
22 |
Whole body |
Ecklonia cava |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
5 |
Whole body |
Gelidium amansii |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
0.3 |
Whole body |
Porphyra tenera |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
1 |
Whole body |
Porphyra pseudolinearis |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
1 |
Whole body |
Bangia gloiopeltidicota |
Ueda et al. (1973):
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
Echniodermata |
||||
8 mg/L |
BCF |
106 |
Whole body |
Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
76 |
Whole body |
Anthocidaris crassispina |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
30 |
Whole body |
Coscinasterias acutispina |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
103 |
Whole body |
Asterina pectinifera |
Coelenterata |
||||
8 mg/L |
BCF |
0.7 |
Whole body |
Aurellia aurita |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
0.7 |
Whole body |
Actinia eqina |
Nakamoto and Hassler (1992):
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
0.138 µg/mL |
BCF |
342.7 |
Carcass |
Source: Merced River; female bluegill |
0.138 µg/mL |
BCF |
92.0 |
Carcass |
Source: Merced River; male bluegill |
0.138 µg/mL |
BCF |
11.9 |
Gonad |
Source: Merced River; female bluegill |
0.138 µg/mL |
BCF |
7.5 |
Gonad |
Source: Merced River; male bluegill |
1.106 µg/mL |
BCF |
60.6 |
Carcass |
Source: Salt Slough; female bluegill |
1.106 µg/mL |
BCF |
40.3 |
Carcass |
Source: Salt Slough; male bluegill |
1.106 µg/mL |
BCF |
1.5 |
Gonad |
Source: Salt Slough; female bluegill |
1.106 µg/mL |
BCF |
1.4 |
Gonad |
Source: Salt Slough; male bluegill |
Stanek et al. (1990):
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
191.5 Bq/L |
BCF |
152 |
Bones |
33 d |
191.5 Bq/L |
BCF |
68 |
Scales |
34 d |
191.5 Bq/L |
BCF |
3 |
musculature |
41 d |
Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001):
Coregonus lavaretus L. (White fish)
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
48.5 |
Liver |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
1075.8 |
Kidneys |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
63.6 |
Muscles |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
7197.0 |
Skeleton |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
2272.7 |
Gills |
Zone V |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
74.4 |
Liver |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
400.0 |
Kidneys |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
91.9 |
Muscles |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
7812.5 |
Skeleton |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
1875.0 |
Gills |
Zone VI |
Salmo trutta (brown trout)
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
7.6 |
Muscles |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
2272.7 |
Skeleton |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
1136.4 |
Gills |
Zone V |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
21.3 |
Liver |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
274.4 |
Kidneys |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
53.1 |
Muscles |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
10687.5 |
Skeleton |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
6750.0 |
Gills |
Zone VI |
0.009 µg/mL |
BAF |
388.9 |
Muscles |
Zone III |
0.009 µg/mL |
BAF |
14111.1 |
Skeleton |
Zone III |
0.009 µg/mL |
BAF |
11888.9 |
Gills |
Zone III |
Salvelinus alpinus (Arctic char)
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
57.6 |
Liver |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
306.1 |
Kidneys |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
81.8 |
Muscles |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
10454.5 |
Skeleton |
Zone V |
0.066 µg/mL |
BAF |
8787.9 |
Gills |
Zone V |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
45.0 |
Liver |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
250.6 |
Kidneys |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
28.8 |
Muscles |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
8375.0 |
Skeleton |
Zone VI |
0.016 µg/mL |
BAF |
4300.0 |
Gills |
Zone VI |
Ueda et al. (1973):
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
29 |
Fish bone |
Mugil cephalus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
23 |
Fish bone |
Lateotabrax japonicus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
34 |
Fish bone |
Gadus macrocephalus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
34 |
Fish bone |
Chrysophrys major |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
37 |
Fish bone |
Mylio macrocephalus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
31 |
Fish bone |
Ditrema temmincki |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
32 |
Fish bone |
Sebastolabus macrochir |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
31 |
Fish bone |
Scomber japonicus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
32 |
Fish bone |
Limanda irrdorum |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
26 |
Fish bone |
Argyrosomus argentatus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
23 |
Fish bone |
Trachurus japonicus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
22 |
Fish bone |
Paralichthyos livaceus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
18 |
Fish bone |
Sebastodes güntherii |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
22 |
Fish bone |
Sebastodes schlegeli |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
18 |
Fish bone |
Hexagrammos otakii |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
20 |
Fish bone |
Seriola quinqueradiata |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
10 |
Fish bone |
Konosirus punctatus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
0.4 |
Fish flesh |
Mugil cephalus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
0.2 |
Fish flesh |
Lateotabrax japonicus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
0.3 |
Fish flesh |
Mylio macrocephalus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
0.4 |
Fish flesh |
Sebastodes güntherii |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
0.2 |
Fish flesh |
Chrysophrys major |
Bologna (1984):
Mya arenaria
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value |
Basis |
Remarks |
209 dpm/mL |
BCF |
3 L/kg |
Shell |
Duration (days): 20 |
80 dpm/mL |
BCF |
6 L/kg |
Soft parts |
Duration (days): 20 |
336 dpm/mL |
BCF |
11 L/kg |
Syphon |
Duration (days): 20 |
1150 dpm/mL |
BCF |
17 L/kg |
Shell |
Duration (days): 41 |
1150 dpm/mL |
BCF |
6 L/kg |
Soft parts + syphon |
Duration (days): 41 |
548 dpm/mL |
BCF |
3 L/kg |
Shell |
Duration (days): 20 |
604 dpm/mL |
BCF |
1 L/kg |
Soft parts |
Duration (days): 20 |
582 dpm/mL |
BCF |
2 L/kg |
Syphon |
Duration (days): 20 |
464 dpm/mL |
BCF |
6 L/kg |
Shell |
Duration (days): 41 |
451 dpm/mL |
BCF |
5 L/kg |
Soft parts |
Duration (days): 41 |
546 dpm/mL |
BCF |
6 L/kg |
Syphon |
Duration (days): 41 |
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value |
Basis |
Remarks |
827 dpm/mL |
BCF |
9 L/kg |
Whole body |
Duration (days): 26 |
1976 dpm/mL |
BCF |
5 L/kg |
Shell |
Duration (days): 57 |
2260 dpm/mL |
BCF |
1 L/kg |
Soft parts |
Duration (days): 57 |
2215 dpm/mL |
BCF |
4 L/kg |
Shell |
Duration (days): 105 |
2115 dpm/mL |
BCF |
4 L/kg |
Soft parts |
Duration (days): 105 |
597 dpm/mL |
BCF |
2 L/kg |
Shell |
Duration (days): 20 |
573 dpm/mL |
BCF |
1 L/kg |
Soft parts |
Duration (days): 20 |
137 dpm/mL |
BCF |
11 L/kg |
Shell |
Duration (days): 45 |
176 dpm/mL |
BCF |
5 L/kg |
Soft parts |
Duration (days): 45 |
Ueda et al. (1973):
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value |
Basis |
Remarks |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
86 L/kg |
Shell |
Crassostrea gigas |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
120 L/kg |
Shell |
Miytilus edulis |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
154 L/kg |
Shell |
Meretrix meretirix lamarckii |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
161 L/kg |
Shell |
Tapes philippinarum |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
125 L/kg |
Shell |
Cronia margariticola |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
158 L/kg |
Shell |
Sulcus diversicolor aquatilis |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
146 L/kg |
Shell |
Batillus cornutus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
181 L/kg |
Shell |
Nordotis discus |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
200 L/kg |
Shell |
Liolophura japonica |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
2 L/kg |
Whole body |
Aplysfa kurodai |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
61 L/kg |
Shell |
Siphonaria japonica |
8 mg/L |
BCF |
196 L/kg |
Shell |
Sepia seculenta |
Stanek et al. (1990):
Conc. in environment |
Type |
Value [L/kg] |
Basis |
Remarks |
191.5 Bq/L |
BCF |
369 |
Shells |
8 d |
191.5 Bq/L |
BCF |
143 |
Soft tissues |
15 d |
Description of key information
Several studies examined strontium bioaccumulation in freshwater and seawater species. Since strontium behaves very similar to calcium, strontium enriches in thebones or rather in hard tissues of organisms(ATSDR, Public Health Statement: Strontium; 2004). Respectively higher BCFs were determined in hard tissue offish and invertebratescompared to BCFs of soft tissues. However, BCFs of hard tissues of freshwater organisms are relatively low and even lower for saltwater species. Reported tissue BAF remain below 100. An inverse relationship between exposure concentration and BAF has been observed, i. e., decreasing BAFs with increasing Sr levels in the water column (Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva, 2001). The data indicate that Sr is homeostatically controlled by aquatic organisms. Limited data on the transfer of Sr up the aquatic food chain indicates that strontium does not biomagnify. Therefore, strontium has a low potential to bioconcentrate or bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.
Bioaccumulation fish:
Bioaccumulation in bones and flesh of seawater fish was studied by Ueda et al. (1973) in the field in 17 and 5 species ranging from 10 to 37 L/kg and 0.2 to 0.4 L/kg, respectively.
For freshwater fish, Stanek et al. (1990) reported in a laboratory study BCFs of 152 L/kg for fish bones, 68 L/kg for scales and 3 L/kg for muscle tissue of C. carpio. Nakamoto and Hassler investigated in a field study also the bioaccumulation in L. macochirus and reported BCF values ranging from 1.4 to 11.9 L/kg for fish gonades and 40.3 to 342.7 L/kg for fish carcass. Three fish species were investigated in the fieldby Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva (2001), i.e.in three different zoneswith different strontium levels. The BCF of liver ranged from 21.3 to 74.4 L/kg and of muscle from 7.6 to 91.9 L/kg whereas the concentration factor in skeleton and gills was higher ranging from 2273 to 14111 L/kg and from 1136 to 11889 L/kg, respectively. A decrease of the bioconcentration factor in all fish was observed with increasing strontium concentrations in water (Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva, 2001).
Bioaccumulation in molluscs:
Bologna (1984) investigated bioconcentration in two seawater species in the laboratory with a resulting BCF values of 2 to 17 L/kg for shells, 1 to 6 L/kg for soft parts and 2 to 11 L/kg for syphon.Ueda et al. (1973) also measured in field experiments bioconcentration factors ranging from 61 to 200 L/kg in 12 seawater mollusc species. In the laboratory, Stanek et al. (1990) measured in freshwater molluscsBCF values of 143 L/kg for soft tissue and 369 L/kg for shells, respectively.
Bioaccumulation in algae:
Ueda et al.(1973) studied 12 seawater algae species in the field and measured bioconcentration factors between 0.3 and 31 L/kg (whole body) whereas Stanek et al. (1990) measured a BCF of 115 L/kg in the laboratory in a freshwater species (C. glomerata).
Bioaccumulation in other species:
In addtition to fish, molluscs and algae, Ueda et al. (1973) investigated also the strontium levels in seawater Crustacea, Echniodermata and Coelenterata in a field study: The BCFs ranged: from 35 to 184 L/kg for 12crustaceanspecies, from 30 to 106 L/kgin 4 echniodermal species and amounts to0.7 L/kg in two Coelenterataspecies.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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