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EC number: 801-282-5 | CAS number: 1034343-98-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 24 Sep 2019 to 14 Nov 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 207 (Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted 4th April, 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no certificate included in the study report
- Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Remarks:
- Not recommended by the relevant test guideline, since the study was performed by weighting and direct incorporation of a defined amount of test material to dry quartz sand followed by mixture with wet artificial soil.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil (if used):
Based on the predicted moisture content of artificial soil, approximately 30%, respectively 589 mg of test substance (purity was 98%) was weighed and mixed well with quartz sand to a total weight of about 10 g by grinding. Each mixture was then mixed with about 740 g wet artificial soil to obtain test substance concentrations of 1001 mg/kg (dry weight of artificial soil). Four replicates were prepared.
- Controls:
Blank control was prepared by mixing about 10 g of quartz sand and about 740 g wet artificial soil, with four replicates. - Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
- Source: The earthworms were purchased from Fogang Wotu Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd. and raised in the test facility (Batch No: EEf20190312-1)
- Age at test initiation: adult (older than 2 months)
- Weight at test initiation: 450 mg - 488 mg per earthworm
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 24 h
- Acclimation conditions: The test organisms were with clitellum and were transferred into artificial soil (without test substance) approximately 24 hours prior to the start of the test. - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Remarks:
- 10 % w/w Sphagnum peat, 20 % w/w Kaolinite clay (analytical agent), 70 % w/w quartz sand (partizle size between 50 - 200 µm)
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- no
- Test temperature:
- 18.1 °C - 21.8 °C
- pH:
- 5.72 (at the beginning of the test)
5.97 - 6.22 (at the end of the test) - Moisture:
- 30.1% (dry weight, at the beginning of the test)
27.8% - 28.2% (dry weight, at the end of the test) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 1 liter glass vessel
- Amount of soil or substrate: 750 g wet weight of substrate
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Composition: 10 % w/w Sphagnum peat, 20 % w/w Kaolinite clay (analytical agent), 70 % w/w quartz sand (particle size between 50 - 200 µm)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Continuous light
- Light intensity: The light intensity was 688 lx at the beginning of the test and 662 lx at the end of the test.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
1) at 7 d and 14 d of exposure, the test matrix inside the container was gently placed onto a flat plate and the earthworms were sorted from the artificial soil. Any abnormal behavior or pathological symptoms were checked and recorded by provoking rump of the earthworms with a probe.
2) pH value: At the beginning and end of the test, 5 g of air-dried artificial soil was sampled for pH determination.
3) Moisture content of artificial soil: At the beginning and the end of the test, appropriate amounts of artificial soils were dried to constant weight at 105 ± 5 °C to measure moisture of the artificial soil.
4) Environmental conditions: at the start and the end of the test, the light intensity of the test environment above the test container location was determined and recorded.
5) Weight of earthworms: at the beginning and the end of the test, detennined and recorded the amounts and total weights of survival earthworms in each container and calculate the mean weight.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: Concentrations for the main test were based on the results of the range-finding test (100 mg/kg, 301 mg/kg, 501 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg test substance) with no mortalities in the test groups
- Test concentrations: Limit test at 1001 mg/kg (dry weight of artificial soil) was designed - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 1001 mg/kg (dry weight of artificial soil) and a blank control
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- The sensitivity test was carried out with the reference substance chloroacetamide (C2H4ClNO) based on the artificial soil test of the same batch Eisenia foetida.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 001 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- - Mortality at end of exposure period: After 7 days and 14 days exposure, the mortalities of earthworms in the blank control were 0% and 0%, and were 0% and 0% in the 1001 mg/kg (dry weight of artificial soil) test group.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Due to the test substance showed no toxicity to the experimental earthwonns, Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the mean weight of live earthworms, the mortality of earthworms and the moisture content of artificial soil.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity of the test substance to the eartworm Eisenia fetida was determined according to OECD 207 under GLP. The method is to be considered scientifically reasonable without restrictions or deviations from the guideline. Hence, the results can be considered as reliable to assess the toxicity of the test substance towards the soil macroorganism Eisenia fetida.
The study was conducted as a limit test at nominal 1001 mg/kg (dry weight of artificial soil) for a period of 14 days under defined conditions. Based on the obtained results the 14d LC50 was determined to be greater or equal to nominal 1001 mg/L (derived from graph). - Executive summary:
Study design
The acute toxicity of the test substance to Eisenia fetida was determined in a 14 days artificial soil test according to "Ministry of environmental protection of the people's Republic of China, The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals-Effects on Biotic Systems, 2013, 207 Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Test" and "OECD, Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, 1984, 207 Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Test", in compliance with GLP.
Based on the results of a range-finding test, a limit test with a concentration of 1001 mg/kg dry artificial soil weight was conducted. 1 treatment group and one control group, each consisting of four replicates with 10 worms each were included in the main test. The numbers of mortalities were determined after 7 and 14 days exposure.
Results
The mortality of the earthworms in the blank control group and solvent control group was 0% at the end of the test which fulfilled the criteria for the validity of not exceeding 10%.
Conclusion
Under the test conditions, the result for the 14 d median lethal concentration (LC50) was greater than 1001 mg/kg (dry weight of artificial soil).
Reference
Description of key information
The toxicity of the test item graphene towards soil organisms was assessed in a static test according to OECD TG 207 under GLP: Eisenia fetida LC50 (14d) > 1001 mg/kg soil dw
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil macroorganisms:
- 1 001 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
The acute toxicity of the test substance to Eisenia fetida was determined in a 14 days artificial soil test according to "Ministry of environmental protection of the people's Republic of China, The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals-Effects on Biotic Systems, 2013, 207 Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Test" and "OECD, Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, 1984, 207 Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Test", in compliance with GLP.
Based on the results of a range-finding test, a limit test with a concentration of 1001 mg/kg dry artificial soil weight was conducted. 1 treatment groups and one control group, each consisting of four replicates of 10 worms per concentration were included in the main test. The numbers of mortalities were determined after 7 and 14 days exposure.
The mortalities of the earthworms in the blank control group and solvent control group were 0%, which was not more than 10 percent, i.e. the test is evaluated as valid.
Under the test conditions, the result for the 14 d median lethal concentration (LC50) was greater than 1001 mg/kg (dry weight of artificial soil).
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