Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 216-577-9 | CAS number: 1618-26-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06 October 2016 - 22 November 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals
- Version / remarks:
- 1993
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,4-dithiapentane
- EC Number:
- 216-577-9
- EC Name:
- 2,4-dithiapentane
- Cas Number:
- 1618-26-4
- Molecular formula:
- C3H8S2
- IUPAC Name:
- bis(methylsulfanyl)methane
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Rat liver S9 induced by ß-Naphthoflavone/phenobarbital
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 1st series: 5, 18, 50, 158, 500, 1580, 5000 µg/plate (with and without S9 mix)
2nd series: 50, 158, 500, 1580, 5000 µg/plate (with and without S9 mix)
top dose: maximum recommended concentration (according to OECD 471) - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Solvent used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent: solubitlity properties of the test item, non toxicity to bacteria
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 9-aminoacridine
- sodium azide
- other: 2-aminoanthracene 2-10 µg/plate, daunomycin 1 µg/plate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 2-3 days
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 replicates for test item concentrations and positive controls, 6 replicates for solvent controls
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: counting numbers of revertants
OTHER:
-S9 concentration: 1st series 10%, 2nd series 30% - Evaluation criteria:
- A test material was to be defined as negative or non-mutagenic in this assay if
• the assay was to be considered valid, and
• "no" or "weak increases" occurred in the test series performed ("weak increases" randomly occur due to experimental variation)
For valid data, the test material was considered to be positive or mutagenic if:
• a dose dependent (over at least two test material concentrations) increase in the number of revertants was induced, the maximal effect was a "clear increase", and the effects were reproduced at similar concentration levels in the same test system, or
• "clear increases" occurred at least at one test material concentration, higher concentrations showed strong precipitation or cytotoxicity, and the effects were reproduced at the same concentration level in the same test system. - Statistics:
- Not performed as not mandatory for this test system.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: No precipitation occurred.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2: Summary of Experiment 1
Metabolic Activation |
Test material |
Concentr. (µg/plate) |
Revertant Colony Counts (Mean ± SD) |
||||
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
WP2 uvrA |
|||
Without Activation |
DMSO |
|
32 ± 4 |
124 ± 17 |
29 ± 4 |
27 ± 7 |
39 ± 7 |
Test item |
5 |
25± 3 |
112±19 |
29±6 |
22±6 |
34±6 |
|
15.8 |
29±6 |
122±16 |
28±7 |
30±10 |
32±3 |
||
50 |
29±8 |
122±14 |
20±0 |
28±7 |
29±2 |
||
158 |
27±7 |
124±4 |
27±5 |
31±1 |
26±6 |
||
500 |
30±7 |
112±15 |
28±1 |
26±2 |
32±3 |
||
1580 |
26±11 |
122±16 |
32±8 |
24±3 |
30±1 |
||
5000 |
21±1 |
120±8 |
30±5 |
29±5 |
33±5 |
||
DAUN |
1 |
393±50 |
|
|
|
|
|
NaN3 |
2 |
|
1597±59 |
914±82 |
|
|
|
9-AA |
50 |
|
|
|
1812±272 |
|
|
NQO |
2 |
|
|
|
|
2128± 269 |
|
With Activation |
DMSO |
|
34±3 |
144±20 |
26±6 |
27±2 |
36±7 |
Test item |
5 |
32± 13 |
140±2 |
26±1 |
33±3 |
38±1 |
|
15.8 |
35±9 |
144±17 |
29±4 |
26±3 |
39±7 |
||
50 |
26±5 |
143±2 |
21±6 |
23±6 |
31±1 |
||
158 |
34±3 |
153±27 |
22±6 |
28±3 |
41±6 |
||
500 |
33±11 |
131±17 |
30±2 |
27±4 |
33±4 |
||
1580 |
28±10 |
142±25 |
26±3 |
29±5 |
37±7 |
||
5000 |
25±2 |
140±22 |
23±1 |
23±3 |
30±2 |
||
2-AA |
2 |
426± 24 |
1286±371 |
|
|
|
|
2-AA |
5 |
|
|
265±33 |
412±48 |
|
|
2-AA |
10 |
|
|
|
|
445±161 |
Table 3: Summary of Experiment 2
Metabolic Activation |
Test material |
Concentr. (µg/plate) |
Revertants per plate (Mean ± SD) |
||||
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
WP2 uvrA |
|||
Without Activation |
DMSO |
|
36 ± 8 |
123 ± 8 |
31 ± 2 |
26 ± 7 |
26 ± 6 |
Test item |
50 |
37± 10 |
115± 8 |
25±6 |
29± 2 |
29± 9 |
|
158 |
42± 8 |
119± 6 |
31± 1 |
28± 8 |
21± 4 |
||
500 |
37± 4 |
107± 19 |
27± 3 |
23± 6 |
26± 2 |
||
1580 |
39± 5 |
115± 7 |
22± 9 |
25±8 |
28± 4 |
||
5000 |
33± 5 |
111± 9 |
22± 8 |
27± 5 |
28± 6 |
||
DAUN |
1 |
196± 41 |
|
|
|
|
|
NaN3 |
2 |
|
911± 25 |
678± 25 |
|
|
|
9-AA |
50 |
|
|
|
539± 139 |
|
|
NQO |
2 |
|
|
|
|
1173± 58 |
|
With Activation |
DMSO |
|
47± 9 |
118± 9 |
28± 3 |
31± 1 |
30± 3 |
Test item |
50 |
42± 7 |
117± 14 |
28± 4 |
29± 6 |
29±1 |
|
158 |
41±5 |
124± 16 |
24± 10 |
31± 6 |
35± 4 |
||
500 |
38±7 |
119± 10 |
31± 6 |
30± 5 |
32± 6 |
||
1580 |
48± 3 |
134± 15 |
29± 4 |
30± 6 |
32± 3 |
||
5000 |
35± 5 |
117± 14 |
31± 4 |
38±4 |
37± 7 |
||
2-AA |
2 |
226± 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
2-AA |
5 |
|
1073± 42 |
|
|
|
|
2-AA |
10 |
|
|
390± 36 |
523± 81 |
122±1 |
Key to Positive Controls
NaN3 Sodium azide
2-AA 2-Aminoanthracene
9-AA 9-Aminoacridine
DAUN Daunomycin
NQO 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The test item is considered non-mutagenic under the test conditions described.
- Executive summary:
The test item was examined for its mutagenic activity in two series of in vitro microbial assays employing Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA as indicator organisms. The plate incorporation test with and without addition of liver S9 mix from Aroclor 1254-pre-treated rats was used. In this study, two experimental series was performed. In the experiments with S9 mix, 10 and 30% S9 were used in the 1st and 2nd series, respectively. Treatments of all tester strains were performed using test item formulations prepared in anhydrous analytical grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the absence and in the presence of S9 mix, using final concentrations between 5 and 5000 µg/plate, plus vehicle and positive controls. The strain specific positive control test materials, namely daunomycin, sodium azide, 4-nitroquin-olin-N-oxide, and 9-aminoacridine in the absence of S9 mix, yielded the expected mutant frequencies that were greatly in excess of the negative controls. The genotype of the tester strains used was thus confirmed. 2-Aminoanthracene which requires metabolic activation was strongly mutagenic. This indicates that the exogenous metabolizing system used in the present investigation (S9 mix) was functioning. Thus, the acceptance criteria have been met in total and the study is considered valid. Following test item treatments, precipitation of the test material on the agar plates was not occurred. There was no toxicity to the bacteria observed. Under the conditions described, there were no relevant increases in revertant numbers after test item exposure observed in both, the absence and presence of S9 mix. According to the criteria for negative and positive results, the test item was not mutagenic under the described experimental conditions (UN GHS: no category).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
![ECHA](/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/echa_logo.png)