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EC number: 222-248-0 | CAS number: 3396-11-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From January 13, 1997 to January 27, 1997
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 997
- Report date:
- 1997
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- 1987
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 798.4500 (Acute Eye Irritation)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cesium acetate
- EC Number:
- 222-248-0
- EC Name:
- Cesium acetate
- Cas Number:
- 3396-11-0
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4O2.Cs
- IUPAC Name:
- cesium acetate
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Remarks:
- Clear
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cesium acetate
- Physical state: Clear liquid
- Analytical purity: 96%
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature; protected from exposure to light
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Remarks:
- Naive
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Myrtle's Rabbitry Incorporated (animals were purchased from a U.S.D.A. licensed supplier)
- Weight at study initiation: 2.460 to 2.851 kg
- Housing: Singly in wire mesh suspension cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Teklad Hi-Fiber Rabbit Diet (ad libitum)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water (ad libitum)
- Acclimation period: 5 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 61-72˚F
- Humidity (%): 30-70%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h light and 12 darkness
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The other eye, remaining untreated, served as a control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.1 mL
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- unwashed (entire study)
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 14 d
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6 (3 males and 3 females)
- Details on study design:
- The test substance was placed in one eye of each animal by gently pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball to form a cup into which the test substance was dropped. The lids were then gently held together for approximately one second, as possible, and the animal was released.
Eyes were examined and graded for ocular reaction approximately 1, 24, 48, and 72 h following treatment. Animals exhibiting irritation at the 72 h reading were held and examined for a total of 14 d or until all ocular effects subsided, whichever occurred first (Day 4, 7, and 14)
Scoring was conducted using the Draize method (refer to 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables' for Scale for Scoring Ocular Lesions)
With the exception of the 1 h scoring, all eyes were scored again for corneal opacity intensity and area using fluorescein except when precluded by extreme responses.
Body weights were measured for each animal on the Day of dosing
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 5
- Max. score:
- 80
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal: 2-6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 80
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal: 1-6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 0
- Max. score:
- 10
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- All 6 animals exhibited Score of 5 in 1 h reading
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal: 1-6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 6 - ca. 10
- Max. score:
- 20
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: Day 14
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- Conjunctivae score for 1 h reading was in range of 12-16
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal: 1-6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- animal: 1-6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- ca. 6 - ca. 15
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: Day 14
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- Overall score for 1 h reading was in range of 17-22
Any other information on results incl. tables
The test substance produced corneal opacity which was first observed at the 1 h reading and cleared by the 48 h reading, iritis which cleared by the 24 h reading, and conjunctival irritation which cleared by the Day 14 reading. Maximum total irritation scores for individual animals ranged from 17 to 22. Additional changes noted included a blistered appearance to the conjunctiva and/or nictitating membrane, areas of conjunctiva or nictitating membrane appear hemorrhagic, areas of purple discoloration on conjunctiva or nictitating-membrane, and areas of nictitating membrane appear blanched. All signs of irritation had cleared by the Day 14 reading. No evidence of corrosion was noted.
Primary Eye Irritation in Rabbits Following an Ocular Application of Undiluted Test Substance
Animal number, sex, and body weight | Cornea* | Iris | Conjunctiva* | |||||
Reading | A | B | C | D | E | Total Score** | ||
1 |
1 h | 0 | 0 | 1 | IL | 3 | 3 | 19 |
24 h | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0 | 2L | 2 | 1 | 15/15 | |
48 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LSR | 2 | 0 | 8/8 | |
72 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2SRE | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
Day 4 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2SR | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
Day 7 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1S | 1 | 0 | 4/4 | |
Day 14 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/0 | |
2 Male (2851g) |
1 h | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1L | 2 | 3 | 17 |
24 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2L | 2 | 1 | 10/10 | |
48 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2L | 2 | 0 | 8/8 | |
72 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
Day 4 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/4 | |
Day 7 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/4 | |
Day 14 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/0 | |
3 Male (2580g) |
1 h | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1L | 3 | 3 | 19 |
24 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2L | 2 | 1 | 10/10 | |
48 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LS | 2 | 0 | 8/8 | |
72 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LSR | 2 | 0 | 8/8 | |
Day 4 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1SR | 1 | 0 | 4/4 | |
Day 7 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1S | 1 | 0 | 4/4 | |
Day 14 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/0 | |
4 Female (2830g) |
1 h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1L | 2 | 3 | 22 |
24 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2L | 2 | 1 | 10/10 | |
48 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LS | 2 | 0 | 8/8 | |
72 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LS | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
Day 4 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1SR | 1 | 0 | 4/4 | |
Day 7 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4/4 | |
Day 14 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/0 | |
5 Female (2838g) |
1 h | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2LTH | 3 | 3 | 21 |
24 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LH | 2 | 1 | 10/10 | |
48 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LSU | 2 | 1 | 10/10 | |
72 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LSU | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
Day 4 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2SR | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
Day 7 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1S | 1 | 0 | 4/4 | |
Day 14 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/0 | |
6 Female (2700g) |
1 h | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1L | 2 | 3 | 17 |
24 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2L | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
48 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LS | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
72 h | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2LS | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
Day 4 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 2S | 1 | 0 | 6/6 | |
Day 7 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 1S | 0 | 0 | 2/2 | |
Day 14 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0/0 | |
*A = Degree of Opacity; B =Area Affected; C = Erythema; D = Swelling; and E = Discharge **Total Score is the sum of the following three sub-totals, with a maximum score of 110; = score without/with sodium fluorescein: 1. Degree of opacity x area involved x 5 2. Iris score x 5 3. (Sum of scores for erythema, swelling, and discharge) x 2 E = Area of purple discoloration on conjunctiva. P = Animal phonated for a short period of time following dosing. L = Blistered appearance to the conjunctiva. S = Areas of nictitating membrane appear blanched. R = Areas of nictitating membrane appear haemorrhagic. T = Blistered appearance to nictitating membrane. H = Area of conjunctiva appears haemorrhagic. U = Small areas of purple discoloration on nictitating membrane. |
Author concluded that based on study results, test substance was classified in FIFRA Toxicity Category II (40 CFR 156, Proposed)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, test substance was irritating to rabbit eye.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the eye irritation potential of the test substance according to OECD 405 Guideline, in compliance with GLP. Six rabbits (3/sex) were used for the study, in which 0.1mL of the test substance was instilled in the conjunctival sac of right eye of each animals. Eyes were not rinsed and observed for irritation as per Draize method. The test substance produced corneal opacity which was first observed at the 1 h reading and cleared by the 48 h reading, iritis which cleared by the 24 h reading, and conjunctival irritation which cleared by the Day 14 reading. Maximum total irritation scores for individual animals ranged from 17 to 22. Additional changes included a blistered appearance to the conjunctiva and/or nictitating membrane, areas of conjunctiva or nictitating membrane appearing hemorrhagic, areas of purple discoloration on conjunctiva or nictitating membrane, and areas of nictitating membrane appearing blanched. All signs of irritation were cleared by Day 14. No evidence of corrosion was noted. Under the study conditions, the test substance was irritating to rabbit eye (Harrod, 1997).
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