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EC number: 919-722-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Performed to GLP and current guidelines.
This study uses an organic acid salt of chromium III
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dichromium trioxalate
- EC Number:
- 250-317-5
- EC Name:
- Dichromium trioxalate
- Cas Number:
- 30737-19-0
- Molecular formula:
- Cr2 (C2O4)3
- IUPAC Name:
- Dichromium trioxalate
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- IIdentification: chromium oxalate
Physical state/Appearance: Dark green powder
Batch: Z-09-2715
Purity: 98% min.
Expiry Date: 17 January 2018
Storage Conditions: Room temperature in the dark
Method
- Target gene:
- Salmonella typhimurium Strains Genotype Type of mutations indicatedTA1537 his C 3076; rfa-; uvrB-: frame shiftTA98 his D 3052; rfa-; uvrB-;R-factorTA1535 his G 46; rfa-; uvrB-: base-pair substitutionTA100 his G 46; rfa-; uvrB-;R-factorEscherichia coliStrain Genotype Type of mutations indicatedWP2uvrA trp-; uvrA-: base-pair substitution
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 Microsomal fraction induced with Phenobarbitone/-Naphthoflavone
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Eight concentrations of the test item (1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 ug/plate) were assayed in triplicate against each tester strain, using the direct plate incorporation method in the first test and by pre-incubation in the confirmatoery test; the second test did not include the lower dose concentrations. Top dose recognised maximum for this test method.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Suspension in water.
Not sufficiently soluble in acetone, DMSO or other suitable solvents.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- no
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 9-aminoacridine
- N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- benzo(a)pyrene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- The test item was insoluble in sterile distilled water, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethyl formamide and acetonitrile at 50 mg/mL, acetone at 100 mg/mL and tetrahydrofuran at 200 mg/mL in solubility checks performed in–house. The test item formed the best doseable suspension in sterile distilled water, therefore, this solvent was selected as the vehicle.
- Evaluation criteria:
- There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations. 3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.4. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).5. Fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain (especially if accompanied by an out-of-historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).
- Statistics:
- Statistical significance was confirmed by using Dunnetts Regression Analysis (* = p < 0.05) for those values that indicate statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies compared to the concurrent solvent control.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- Slight thinning without S-9
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 μg/plate. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix) in either test.
A test item precipitate (fine and particulate in appearance) was noted at 5000 ug/plate, this observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
There were no toxicological increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix).
Small, statistically significant increases in TA100 revertant colony frequency were observed at 5000 μg/plate in the first mutation test (absence of S9-mix) and the second mutation test (presence of S9-mix). These increases were considered to be of no biological relevance because there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or reproducibility. Furthermore, the individual revertant counts at the statistically significant dose levels were within the in-house historical untreated/vehicle control range for the tester strain and the maximum fold increase was only 1.4 times the concurrent vehicle controls.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Chromium Oxalate Hydroxide was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.
- Executive summary:
The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 μg/plate. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix) in either test.
A test item precipitate (fine and particulate in appearance) was noted at 5000 ug/plate, this observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
There were no toxicological increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix).
Small, statistically significant increases in TA100 revertant colony frequency were observed at 5000 μg/plate in the first mutation test (absence of S9-mix) and the second mutation test (presence of S9-mix). These increases were considered to be of no biological relevance because there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or reproducibility. Furthermore, the individual revertant counts at the statistically significant dose levels were within the in-house historical untreated/vehicle control range for the tester strain and the maximum fold increase was only 1.4 times the concurrent vehicle controls.
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