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EC number: 245-423-3 | CAS number: 23089-26-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Melting point / freezing point
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- melting point/freezing point
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 2017-03-23 to 2017-06-12
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 102 (Melting point / Melting Range)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.1 (Melting / Freezing Temperature)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- differential scanning calorimetry
- Key result
- Melting / freezing pt.:
- < -20 °C
- Conclusions:
- No melting point could be determined for the test item above -100 °C. Therefore, the freeing point of the test item is <-20 °C.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted according to OECD TG 102 and Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 method A.1 to determine the melting point/range of the test item using differential scanning calorimetry. The test item was weighed into an aluminium crucible under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen). Two measurements with about 12 – 13 mg of the test item were performed. As reference crucible, an empty aluminium crucible was used. The crucible was cooled down from 25 °C to -50 °C with 10 K/min cooling rate. It was kept at this temperature for 60 min and then heated up to 500 °C with a constant heating rate of 10 K/min. No endothermal and exothermal effects were observed. In a second measurement the crucible was cooled down from 25 °C to -80 °C with a cooling rate of 3 K/min. It was kept at -80 °C for 60 min and then heated up to 20 °C with a constant heating rate of 10 K/min. Again no exothermal and endothermal effects were observed. At around -40 °C a small endothermal effects was observed in both measurements. No melting point could be determined to -100 °C. Therefore, the freezing point of the test item is <-20 °C.
Reference
In the first measurement the test item was cooled down from 25 °C to -50 °C with a cooling rate of 10 K/min. After -50 °C had been reached, the sample was kept at this temperature for 60 min. Afterwards, it was heated up from -50 °C to 500 °C at a constant heating rate of 10 K/min. The DSC measurement in an aluminium crucible with a hole showed no exothermal effect (crystallisation) in the cooling-down phase. The measurement showed no significant endothermal effect (melting) in the heating-up phase until an ambient temperature was reached. However, around -40 °C a small endothermal effect could be detected.
In the second measurement the test item was cooled down from 25 °C to -80 °C with a cooling rate of 3 K/min. After -80 °C had been reached, the sample was kept at this temperature for 60 min. Afterwards, the test item was heated up from -80 °C to 20 °C at a constant heating rate of 10 K/min. No exothermal effect (crystallisation) in the cooling-down phase and in the isothermal phase and no significant endothermal effect (melting) in the heating-up phase were observed. However, around -40 °C a small endothermal effect could be detected.
Table 1: Melting point (DSC measurements)
Test item / mg |
Starting temperature / °C |
Final test temperature / °C |
Temperature range (endothermal) / °C |
Onset (melting) / °C |
Crucible |
Observations after the measurement |
13.29 |
25 |
-50 / 500 |
- |
- |
Aluminium with a hole |
- |
12.12 |
25 |
-80 / 20 |
- |
- |
Aluminium with a hole |
- |
No melting point was measured above -100 °C. However, since melting may be hindered at low temperatures due to supercooling and due to a small endothermal effect of unknown origin around -40 °C it can only be assumed that no melting point exists above -20 °C.
Description of key information
No melting point could be determined for the test item above -100 °C. Therefore, the freezing point of the test item is <-20 °C.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A study (reference 4.2-1) was conducted according to OECD TG 102 and Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 method A.1 to determine the melting point/range of the test item using differential scanning calorimetry. The test item was weighed into an aluminium crucible under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen). Two measurements with about 12 – 13 mg of the test item were performed. As reference crucible, an empty aluminium crucible was used. The crucible was cooled down from 25 °C to -50 °C with 10 K/min cooling rate. It was kept at this temperature for 60 min and then heated up to 500 °C with a constant heating rate of 10 K/min. No endothermal and exothermal effects were observed. In a second measurement the crucible was cooled down from 25 °C to -80 °C with a cooling rate of 3 K/min. It was kept at -80 °C for 60 min and then heated up to 20 °C with a constant heating rate of 10 K/min. Again no exothermal and endothermal effects were observed. At around -40 °C a small endothermal effect was observed in both measurements. No melting point could be determined to -100 °C. Therefore, the freezing point of the test item is <-20 °C.
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