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EC number: 224-588-5 | CAS number: 4420-74-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Bacterial mutagenicity: negative, with and without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 or E. coli WP2 uvrA (OECD 471) (Bioreliance, 2001).
Cytogenicity in mammalian cells: negative, with and without metabolic activation in V79 cells (OECD 473) (Eurofins, 2017).
Mutagenicity in mammalian cells: negative, with and without metabolic activation in mouse lymphoma L5178Y (OECD 490) (Eurofins, 2018).
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2000-09-01 to 2000-10-09
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- histidine operon (Salmonella strains)
tryptophan operon (E. coli strain) - Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- preliminary assay: 5000 µg/plate
75-5000 µg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: compatibility with the target cells - Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- all strains, + MA, 1.0 µg/plate (Salmonella) 10 µg/plate (E. coli)
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 2-nitrofluorene
- Remarks:
- TA 98, - MA, 1.0 µg/plate
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- TA 100 TA 1535, - MA, 1.0 µg/plate
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- TA 1537, - MA, 75 µg/plate
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- WP2 uvrA, - MA, 1000 µg/plate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- ACTIVATION:
S9 mix:
- 10% S9
- 5 mM glucose-6-phosphate
- 4 mM ß-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- 8 mM MgCl2
- 33 mM KCl
- 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 60±2 min at 37±2°C
- Exposure duration: 48-72 hours at 37±2°C
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): minimal agar
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: triplicate plates; 2 independent experiments
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: other: condition of bacterial background lawn - Evaluation criteria:
- For the test article to be evaluated positive, it must cause a dose-related increase in the mean revertants per plate of at least one tester strain over a minimum of two increasing concentrations of test article.
Data sets for TA 1535 and TA 1537 were judged positive if the increase in mean revertants is ≥ 3x the mean vehicle control value.
Data sets for TA 98, TA 100 and WP2 uvrA were judged positive if the increase in mean revertants is ≥ 2x the mean vehicle control value. - Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: No mutagenic potential
- Conclusions:
- 3-Trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol has been tested in a valid bacterial reverse mutation assay, according to the OECD TG 471 (1989), and under GLP, using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 or E.coli WP2 uvrA.
No increase in the number of revertants was observed in any test strain, with or without metabolic activation. Appropriate positive and solvent controls were added and gave expected results. It is concluded that the test substance is negative for mutagenicity to bacteria under the conditions of the test. - Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 February 2017 to 22 August 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- other: chromosome aberration in mammalian cells
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature. The sample was recovered with nitrogen after opening and sealed with parafilm.
- Stability under test conditions: Unstable after repeated contact to air. Minimise contact with moisture in air. Close container immediately after use.
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: The test substance was stable in DMSO. The solvent was compatible with the survival of the cells and the S9 activity.
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: The test substance was stable in DMSO.
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: DMSO was used as solvent. From the highest test item stock solution (1 M) separate dosing solutions of the test item were prepared for each of the concentrations by serial dilution. From these DMSO dosing solutions 1 % (v/v) was added to the cells in MEM cell culture medium. The pH value was found to be within the physiological range (pH 7.0 ± 0.4).
- Preliminary purification step (if any): None
- Final dilution of a dissolved solid, stock liquid or gel: not applicable
- Final preparation of a solid: not applicable - Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- CELLS USED
- Source of cells: Eurofins, Germany
- Suitability of cells: widely used to examine the ability of chemicals to induce cytogenetic changes and thus identify potential carcinogens or mutagens
- Cell cycle length, doubling time or proliferation index: 12-14 hours
- Sex, age and number of blood donors if applicable: not applicable
- Whether whole blood or separated lymphocytes were used if applicable: not applicable
- Number of passages if applicable: not applicable
- Methods for maintenance in cell culture if applicable: The V79 cells were stored over liquid nitrogen (vapour phase) in the cell bank of Eurofins Munich, as large stock cultures allowing the repeated use of the same cell culture batch in experiments.
- Modal number of chromosomes: not applicable
- Normal (negative control) cell cycle time: not applicable
MEDIA USED
- Type and identity of media including CO2 concentration if applicable: in 75 cm2 cell culture plastic flasks at 37 °C in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere (95% air)
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: yes
- Periodically checked for karyotype stability: yes
- Periodically 'cleansed' against high spontaneous background: yes - Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- phenobarbital (80 mg/kg bw) and β-naphthoflavone (100 mg/kg bw)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- A pre-experiment was conducted under identical conditions as described for the main experiment. The following concentrations were tested without and with S9 mix:
0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mM. On the basis of the data and the observations from the pre-experiment and taking into account the recommendations of the guidelines, the following concentrations were selected for the main experiment:
Experiment I: 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7 mM (+S9 mix) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 mM (-S9 mix); repetition of Experiment I: 0, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 mM (-S9 mix)
Experiment II: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.1, 1.25, 1.5 mM (-S9 mix). - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The solvent was compatible with the survival of the cells and the S9 activity. - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- treatment medium
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
- Cell density at seeding (if applicable): 5 x 105 cells per flask were seeded in 15 mL of MEM (minimum essential medium) supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and subcultures were made 3-4 days after seeding. About 1 x 104 cells/mL were seeded into cell culture flasks with complete culture medium.
ACTIVATION: An appropriate quantity of the S9 supernatant was thawed and mixed with S9 cofactor solution to result in a final protein concentration of 0.75 mg/mL in the cultures. Cofactors were added to the S9 mix to reach the following concentrations: 8 mM MgCl2, 33 mM KCl, 5 mM Glucose-6-phosphate, 5 mM NADP in 100 mM sodium-phosphate-buffer pH 7.4.
DURATION
- Exposure duration: Experiment I, with and without metabolic activation 4 hours exposure; repeat of Experiment I, without metabolic activation 4 hours exposure; Experiment II, without metabolic activation 21 hours exposure. In Experiment I without metabolic activation an increase in cells with aberrations was observed, which was considered not biologically relevant due to variation between cultures, so this experiment was repeated. A different batch of test material test was used in the repeat experiment I as the first batch had expired.
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 17 hour exposure duration for Experiment I. Cell were prepared immediately after exposure in Experiment II.
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 2.5 hours incubation with Colcemid
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): at 21 hours after start of treatment.
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): Colcemid
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): Giemsa
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: duplicate cell cultures.
NUMBER OF METAPHASE SPREADS ANALYSED PER DOSE (if in vitro cytogenicity study in mammalian cells): 600
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative increase in cell count (RICC)
- Any supplementary information relevant to cytotoxicity: not applicable
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: yes
- Determination of endoreplication: no
- Methods, such as kinetochore antibody binding, to characterize whether micronuclei contain whole or fragmented chromosomes (if applicable): not applicable - Rationale for test conditions:
- A pre-experiment was conducted under identical conditions as described for the main experiment. On the basis of the data and the observations from the pre experiment and taking into account the recommendations of the guidelines, the test concentrations were selected.
- Evaluation criteria:
- A test chemical is considered to be clearly positive if, in any of the experimental conditions examined:
a) at least one of the test concentrations exhibits a statistically significant increase compared with the concurrent negative control,
b) the increase is dose-related when evaluated with an appropriate trend test,
c) any of the results are outside the distribution of the historical negative control data - Statistics:
- Fisher´s exact test was performed to verify the results in the experiment.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at 1.2 mM and higher (-/+ S9 mix) for Experiment , at 1.1 mM and higher (-S9) for Experiment I repetition, and at 0.6 mM and higher (- S9 mix) for Experiment II
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: not reported
- Effects of osmolality: not reported
- Evaporation from medium: not reported
- Water solubility: not reported
- Precipitation: No precipitation of the test item was noted without and with metabolic activation after the incubation in experiment I and II.
- Definition of acceptable cells for analysis: not reported
- Other confounding effects: not reported
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: According to the guidelines the highest recommended concentration was 10 mM. The test item was dissolved in DMSO. No precipitation of the test item was noted. The highest dose group evaluated in the pre-experiment was 1 mM. The relative increase in cell count (RICC) was used as parameter for toxicity. The concentrations tested in the main experiment are based on the results obtained in the pre-experiment.
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (with ranges, means and standard deviation and confidence interval (e.g. 95%)
- Positive historical control data: Historical laboratory control data were presented with ranges in the study report. Results for positive control were within ranges of historical positive control data.
- Negative (solvent/vehicle) historical control data: Historical laboratory control data were presented with ranges in the study report. Results for negative control were within ranges of historical positive control data.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- Measurement of cytotoxicity used: RICC
- Other observations when applicable: No biologically relevant increase in the frequencies of polyploid cells was found after treatment with the test item. - Remarks on result:
- other: See "Remarks"
- Remarks:
- In experiment I without metabolic activation an increase of aberrant cells above the historic control range was noted at concentrations of 1.0 mM and higher. These results varied between the duplicate cultures and the mean increase was not reflected by both cultures. These inductions were considered to be not biologically relevant. To verify the outcome of the first experiment without metabolic activation, a repetition experiment was performed. No biologically relevant increase above the historic control range was determined after incubation with the test item in the same concentration range used in experiment I (without metabolic activation).
- Conclusions:
- 3-Trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol has been tested for ability to cause chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster V79 cells according to OECD TG 473 and under GLP (Eurofins, 2018). No increase in the number of cells with aberrations was observed in experiment I with metabolic activation, 4-hour exposure, or in experiment 2 without activation, 21-hour exposure. An increase of aberrant cells above the historical control range was observed in experiment I without metabolic activation, 4-hour exposure, at concentrations of 1.0 mM and higher. These results varied between the duplicate cultures and the mean increase was not reflected by both cultures. These inductions were considered to be not biologically relevant. To verify the outcome of the first experiment without metabolic activation, a repetition experiment was performed. In the repeat of experiment I without metabolic activation, no biologically relevant increase above the historical control range was observed. Appropriate solvent, negative (treatment medium) and positive controls were included and gave expected results. It is concluded that the test substance is negative for the induction of chromosome aberrations under the conditions of this study.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 8th November 2017 to 21 December 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 490 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests Using the Thymidine Kinase Gene)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- other: gene mutation in mammalian cells
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: unstable after repeated contact to air
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: The test substance was diluted in DMSO. The vehicle was chosen based on pre-experiment for solubility. The solvent was compatible with the survival of the cells and the S9 activity.
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: not applicable
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: The test substance was diluted in DMSO. The vehicle was chosen based on pre-experiment for solubility. The solvent was compatible with the survival of the cells and the S9 activity.
- Preliminary purification step (if any): none
- Final dilution of a dissolved solid, stock liquid or gel: not applicable
- Final preparation of a solid: not applicable - Target gene:
- They are heterozygous at the Thymidine Kinase (TK) locus in order to detect mutation events at the TK- locus.
- Species / strain / cell type:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- CELLS USED
- Source of cells: Eurofins Munich stock cultures
- Suitability of cells: recommended in Test Guideline
- Cell cycle length, doubling time or proliferation index: 10-12 h, cloning efficiency, usually more than 50%
- Sex, age and number of blood donors if applicable: not applicable
- Whether whole blood or separated lymphocytes were used if applicable: not applicable
- Number of passages if applicable: not applicable
- Methods for maintenance in cell culture if applicable: Thawed stock cultures are maintained in plastic culture flasks in RPMI 1640 complete medium and subcultured three times per week.
- Modal number of chromosomes: a near diploid karyotype (40 +/- 2 chromosomes)
- Normal (negative control) cell cycle time: not applicable
MEDIA USED
- Type and identity of media including CO2 concentration if applicable: not specified
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: yes
- Periodically checked for karyotype stability: yes
- Periodically 'cleansed' against high spontaneous background: yes - Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- phenobarbital (80 mg/kg bw) and ß-naphthoflavone (100 mg/kg bw) induced rat live S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- without metabolic activation: 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 and 0.7 mM
with metabolic activation: 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 mM
The toxicity of the test item was determined in a pre-experiment up to a maximum concentration of 10 mM. Six concentrations [0.2, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mM] were tested without and with metabolic activation. Dose groups that were not evaluable due to very high toxicity and precipitation of the test item are not reported. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The vehicle was chosen based on pre-experiment for solubility. The solvent was compatible with the survival of the cells and the S9 activity. - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- treatment medium
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- treatment medium
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- treatment medium
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- benzo(a)pyrene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
- Cell density at seeding (if applicable): 1 x 10⁷ cells
ACTIVATION: S9 supernatant was thawed and mixed with S9 cofactor solution to result in a final protein concentration of 0.75 mg/mL in the cultures. Cofactors were added to the S9 mix to reach the concentrations below: 8 mM MgCl2, 33 mM KCl, 5 mM Glucose-6-phosphate, 5 mM NADP n 100 mM sodium-phosphate-buffer pH 7.4.
DURATION
- Preincubation period:
- Exposure duration: Short-term exposure of 4 hours, with and without metabolic activation
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 2 days in total at 37 °C in 5% CO2/95% humidified air after 4-hour exposure
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 2000 cells/well in 200 µL selective medium with TFT incubated for about 12 days at 37 °C in 5% CO2/95% humidified air.
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): at the end of expression time
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): TFT
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: duplicate cultures
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED:
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: The cloning efficiency (CE) of the cells was determined by seeding a statistical number of 1.6 cells/well in two 96-well plates. The cells were incubated for at least 6 days at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2.mitotic index.
- Any supplementary information relevant to cytotoxicity: not specified
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: no
- Determination of endoreplication: no
- Methods, such as kinetochore antibody binding, to characterize whether micronuclei contain whole or fragmented chromosomes (if applicable): not applicable - Rationale for test conditions:
- The toxicity of the test item was determined in a pre-experiment up to a maximum concentration of 10 mM. Six concentrations [0.2, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mM] were tested without and with metabolic activation. Dose groups that were not evaluable due to very high toxicity and precipitation of the test item are not reported.
- Evaluation criteria:
- The test item is considered mutagenic if the following criteria are met:
- The induced mutant frequency meets or exceeds the Global Evaluation factor (GEF) of 126 mutants per 106 cells and
- a dose-dependent increase in mutant frequency is detected. - Statistics:
- Statistical significance
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at the highest concentration tested.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: within the physiological range
- Effects of osmolality: within the physiological range
- Evaporation from medium: not specified
- Water solubility: not specified
- Precipitation: No precipitation of the test item was noted in the pre-experiment / main experiment.
- Definition of acceptable cells for analysis: not specified
- Other confounding effects: not specified
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The toxicity of the test item was determined in a pre-experiment up to a maximum concentration of 10 mM. Six concentrations [0.2, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mM] were tested without and with metabolic activation.
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (with ranges, means and standard deviation and confidence interval (e.g. 95%)
- Positive historical control data: within ranges of historical positive control data
- Negative (solvent/vehicle) historical control data: within ranges of historical negative control data
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- Measurement of cytotoxicity used: Growth inhibition was observed in the experiment without and with metabolic activation. The relative total growth (RTG) was 13.8% (without metabolic activation) and 12.0% (with metabolic activation) for the highest concentration evaluated.
- Other observations when applicable: Colony sizing was performed for the highest concentrations of the test item and for the negative and positive controls. An extension of the GEF by the induced mutant frequency in combination with an increased occurrence of small colonies is an indication for potential clastogenic effects and/or chromosomal aberrations. Thus based on the non-mutagenic effects of 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol (CAS 4420-74-0), an assessment of clastogenicity was not feasible. - Conclusions:
- 3-Trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol (CAS 4420-74-0) has been tested for mutagenicity to mammalian cells in Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells according to OECD TG 490, and under GLP (Eurofins, 2018). No test-substance induced increase in the number of mutations was observed when tested up to precipitating concentration. Appropriate solvent, negative (treatment medium) and positive controls were included and gave expected results. It is concluded that the test substance is negative for mutagenicity to mammalian cells under the conditions of the study.
Referenceopen allclose all
Preliminary toxicity assay: number of revertants per plate
Concentration (µg/plate) |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
WP2 uvrA |
|||||
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
|
Vehicle |
22 |
12 |
128 |
118 |
18 |
14 |
7 |
5 |
15 |
1 |
6.7 |
25 |
14 |
125 |
128 |
22 |
17 |
4 |
4 |
11 |
1 |
10 |
19 |
10 |
103 |
112 |
23 |
13 |
5 |
3 |
19 |
1 |
33 |
24 |
16 |
113 |
110 |
17 |
14 |
4 |
3 |
17 |
1 |
67 |
22 |
19 |
93 |
C |
18 |
11 |
5 |
4 |
14 |
1 |
100 |
23 |
17 |
132 |
111 |
21 |
21 |
4 |
3 |
12 |
1 |
333 |
21 |
11 |
99 |
100 |
18 |
18 |
4 |
4 |
10 |
1 |
667 |
26 |
11 |
111 |
102 |
12 |
16 |
5 |
5 |
16 |
1 |
1000 |
25 |
16 |
99 |
116 |
19 |
17 |
4 |
4 |
14 |
1 |
3333 |
21 |
10* |
98 |
81* |
17 |
10* |
6 |
2* |
22 |
1 |
5000 |
18* |
7** |
64** |
0*** |
14* |
0*** |
2*** |
0*** |
13* |
14** |
* = background lawn slightly reduced
** = background lawn severely reduced
*** = background lawn extremely reduced
C = contaminated
Experiment B1: Number of revertants per plate (mean of 3 plates)
Concentration (µg/plate) |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
WP2 uvrA |
|||||
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
|
Vehicle |
20 |
21 |
92 |
116 |
12 |
9 |
5 |
7 |
10 |
12 |
100 |
19 |
26 |
99 |
115 |
- |
13 |
- |
7 |
13 |
10 |
105 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
- |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
333 |
22 |
29 |
87 |
119 |
- |
10 |
- |
5 |
14 |
12 |
348 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
12 |
- |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
1000 |
25 |
26 |
93 |
95 |
- |
10 |
- |
6 |
10 |
11 |
1045 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
- |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
3333 |
18 |
25 |
63** |
79* |
- |
7** |
- |
4* |
11 |
10 |
3485 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9* |
- |
3** |
- |
- |
- |
5000 |
1*** |
7** |
4*** |
60** |
0*** |
1*** |
0**** |
0*** |
10* |
10 |
Positive control |
567 |
608 |
408 |
488 |
231 |
35 |
580 |
40 |
368 |
162 |
* = background lawn slightly reduced
** = background lawn severely reduced
*** = background lawn extremely reduced
**** = background lawn absent
Experiment B2: Number of revertants per plate (mean of 3 plates)
Concentration (µg/plate) |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
WP2 uvrA |
|||||
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
- MA |
+ MA |
|
Vehicle |
13 |
13 |
85 |
97 |
6 |
8 |
4 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
75 |
13 |
15 |
86 |
108 |
9 |
7 |
3 |
4 |
10 |
12 |
200 |
15 |
19 |
89 |
123 |
9 |
7 |
3 |
5 |
11 |
15 |
600 |
12 |
16 |
98 |
85 |
10 |
7 |
4 |
4 |
11 |
10 |
1800 |
10* |
16 |
78* |
100 |
3** |
9 |
3* |
4 |
9* |
11 |
5000 |
0*** |
0*** |
0*** |
0*** |
0*** |
8** |
0*** |
1*** |
7** |
10* |
Positive control |
308 |
258 |
311 |
385 |
94 |
39 |
218 |
45 |
266 |
57 |
* = background lawn slightly reduced
** = background lawn severely reduced
*** = background lawn extremely reduced
Table 1: Summary: Experiment I, 4 -hour exposure without metabolic activation
Dose Group |
Concentration [mM] |
RICC [%] |
Mean % Aberrant Cells |
Mean % Aberrant Cells |
Historical Laboratory Negative Control Range (LCL, UCL) |
Precipi-tationa |
Statistical Signifi-canceb |
|
|
|
incl. Gaps |
excl. Gaps |
|
|
|
C |
0 |
92 |
2.3 |
1.0 |
|
- |
- |
S |
0 |
100 |
4.7 |
1.7 |
|
- |
- |
1 |
0.5 |
103 |
3.3 |
2.0 |
- 0.28 - 3.7% aberrant cells, excl. gaps |
- |
- |
2 |
1 |
75 |
6.5 |
4.2 |
|
- |
- |
3 |
1.2 |
41 |
8.0 |
4.5 |
|
- |
+ |
EMS |
600 µg/mL |
78 |
9.7 |
6.0 |
|
- |
+ |
Table 2: Summary: Experiment I, 4 -hour exposure with metabolic activation
Dose Group |
Concentration [mM] |
RICC [%] |
Mean % Aberrant Cells |
Mean % Aberrant Cells |
Historical Laboratory Negative Control Range (LCL, UCL) |
Precipi-tationa |
Statistical Signifi-canceb |
|
|
|
incl. Gaps |
excl. Gaps |
|
|
|
C |
0 |
94 |
3.0 |
1.0 |
|
- |
- |
S |
0 |
100 |
5.0 |
2.3 |
|
- |
- |
4 |
0.8 |
84 |
3.3 |
1.7 |
- 0.23% -3.95%aberrant cells, excl. gaps |
- |
- |
5 |
1 |
76 |
3.7 |
2.7 |
|
- |
- |
6 |
1.2 |
47 |
5.7 |
3.3 |
|
- |
- |
CPA |
1.11 µg/mL |
67 |
50.9 |
50.9 |
|
- |
+ |
Table 3: Experiment I (repetition), 4 -hour exposure without metabolic activation
Dose Group |
Concentration [mM] |
RICC [%] |
Mean % Aberrant Cells |
Mean % Aberrant Cells |
Historical Laboratory Negative Control Range (LCL, UCL) |
Precipitation |
Statistical Signifi-canceb |
incl. Gaps |
excl. Gaps |
|
|||||
C |
0 |
111 |
2.3 |
1.3 |
|
- |
- |
S |
0 |
100 |
2.0 |
0.7 |
- |
- |
|
3 |
0.9 |
96 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
- |
- |
|
5 |
1.1 |
69 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
-0.28 - 3.7% aberrant cells, excl. gaps |
- |
- |
7 |
1.3 |
69 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
- |
- |
|
9 |
1.5 |
35 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
- |
- |
EMS |
900 µg/mL |
77 |
7.3 |
5.7 |
- |
+ |
Table 3: Summary: Experiment II, 21 -hour exposure without metabolic activation
Dose Group |
Concentration [mM] |
RICC [%] |
Mean % Aberrant Cells |
Mean % Aberrant Cells |
Historical Laboratory Negative Control Range (LCL, UCL) |
Precipi-tationa |
Statistical Signifi-canceb |
|
|
|
incl. Gaps |
excl. Gaps |
|
|
|
C |
0 |
101 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
|
- |
- |
S |
0 |
100 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
|
- |
- |
2 |
0.2 |
91 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
- 0.20% - 2.71% aberrant cells, excl. gaps |
- |
- |
3 |
0.4 |
80 |
1.3 |
0.0 |
|
- |
- |
4 |
0.6 |
41 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
|
- |
- |
EMS |
400 µg/mL |
62 |
13.0 |
11.0 |
|
- |
+ |
C: Negative Control (Culture Medium)
S: Solvent Control (DMSO)
EMS: Ethylmethanesulfonate
CPA: Cyclophosphamide
RICC: Relative Increase in Cell Count, calculated by the increase in cell number of the test groups compared to the solvent control groups.
Table 1: Pre-Experiment for Toxicity, without metabolic activation
Test Group |
Concen-tration [mM] |
Number of Cells 4 h after Treatment |
Number of Cells 24 h after Treatment |
Number of Cells 48 h after Treatment |
SGa |
RSGb[%] |
C1 |
0 |
242000 |
930000 |
1370000 |
12.7 |
106.0 |
C2 |
0 |
334000 |
1090000 |
1170000 |
12.8 |
106.1 |
S1 |
0 |
295000 |
924000 |
1330000 |
12.3 |
100.0 |
S2 |
0 |
317000 |
1050000 |
1120000 |
11.8 |
100.0 |
1 |
0.2 |
278000 |
894000 |
1100000 |
9.8 |
81.8 |
2 |
0.5 |
298000 |
828000 |
1130000 |
9.4 |
77.8 |
3 |
2.5 |
82200 |
23300 |
11800 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
C: Negative control
S: Solvent control(1% DMSO)
a: Suspension Growth, SG = [((value 24h x 30) / 1x107) x ((value 48 h x 20) / (value 24 h*x20))]; : for value 24 h > 3x105then value 24 h = 3x105
b: Relative Suspension Growth, RSG = [(value SG / value SG of corresponding controls) x 100]
Table 2: Pre-Experiment for Toxicity, with metabolic activation
Test Group |
Concen-tration [mM] |
Number of Cells 4 h after Treatment |
Number of Cells 24 h after Treatment |
Number of Cells 48 h after Treatment |
SGa |
RSGb[%] |
C1 |
0 |
246000 |
800000 |
1490000 |
11.9 |
86.4 |
C2 |
0 |
278000 |
893000 |
1420000 |
12.7 |
91.9 |
S1 |
0 |
316000 |
962000 |
1470000 |
14.1 |
100.0 |
S2 |
0 |
290000 |
948000 |
1420000 |
13.5 |
100.0 |
1 |
0.2 |
291000 |
907000 |
1600000 |
14.5 |
105.1 |
2 |
0.5 |
281000 |
798000 |
1410000 |
11.3 |
81.5 |
3 |
2.5 |
114000 |
46000 |
33500 |
0.1 |
0.7 |
C: Negative control
S: Solvent control(1% DMSO)
a: Suspension Growth, SG = [((value 24h x 30) / 1x107) x ((value 48 h x 20) / (value 24 h*x20))];: for value 24 h > 3x105then value 24 h = 3x105
b: Relative Suspension Growth, RSG = [(value SG / value SG of corresponding controls) x 100]
Table 3: Summary: Main Experiment, without and with metabolic activation
Test Group |
Conc. [mM] |
RCEa[%] |
RTGb[%] |
MFc[mutants/ 106cells] |
IMFd[mutants/ 106cells] |
GEFeexceeded |
Statistical Significant Increasef |
Precipitate |
Exposure without S9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C1 |
0 |
104.0 |
120.3 |
59.4 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
- |
C2 |
0 |
129.6 |
142.1 |
59.4 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
- |
S1 |
0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
73.2 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
- |
S2 |
0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
73.2 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
- |
1 |
0.1 |
117.6 |
118.5 |
61.0 |
-12.2 |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
0.2 |
97.4 |
99.7 |
76.2 |
3.0 |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
0.6 |
97.4 |
35.6 |
70.1 |
-3.1 |
- |
- |
- |
4 |
0.7 |
90.0 |
13.8 |
56.6 |
-16.6 |
- |
- |
- |
EMS |
300 µg/mL |
92.8 |
89.6 |
939.9 |
866.7 |
+ |
+ |
- |
MMS |
10 µg/mL |
74.2 |
74.4 |
804.3 |
731.1 |
+ |
+ |
- |
Exposure with S9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C1 |
0 |
125.2 |
118.8 |
65.1 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
- |
C2 |
0 |
98.8 |
105.0 |
65.1 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
- |
S1 |
0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
64.0 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
- |
S2 |
0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
64.0 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
- |
1 |
0.1 |
102.0 |
104.7 |
86.7 |
22.7 |
- |
+ |
- |
2 |
0.2 |
112.6 |
113.8 |
89.0 |
25.0 |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
0.6 |
105.3 |
47.6 |
61.7 |
-2.3 |
- |
- |
- |
4 |
0.7 |
73.5 |
21.2 |
61.8 |
-2.2 |
- |
- |
- |
5 |
0.8 |
76.7 |
12.0 |
73.1 |
9.1 |
- |
- |
- |
B[a]P |
1.5 µg/mL |
91.5 |
66.7 |
668.9 |
604.9 |
+ |
+ |
- |
C: Negative Controls
S: Solvent Controls (1% DMSO)
a: Relative Cloning Efficiency, RCE = [(CE dose group / CE of corresponding controls) x 100]
Cloning Efficiency, CE = ((-LN (((96 - (mean P1,P2)) / 96)) / 1.6) x 100)
b: Relative Total Growth, RTG = (RSG x RCE)/100
c: Mutant Frequency,
MF = {-ln [negative cultures/total wells (selective medium)] / -ln [negative cultures/total wells (non selective medium)]}x800
d: Induced Mutant Frequency, IMF = mutant frequency sample – mean value mutant frequency corresponding controls
e: Global Evaluation Factor, GEF (126); +: GEF exceeded, -: GEF not exceeded
f: statistical significant increase in mutant frequency compared to solvent controls (Mann Whitney test, p<0.05).
+: significant; -not significant
EMS: Ethylmethanesulfonate
MMS: Methylmethanesulfonate
B[a]P: Benzo[a]pyrene
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
3 -Trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol has been tested in a valid bacterial reverse mutation assay, according to the OECD TG 471 (1997), and under GLP, using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 or E. coli WP2 uvrA (Bioreliance, 2001).
No increase in the number of revertants was observed in any test strain, with or without metabolic activation. Appropriate positive and solvent controls were added and gave expected results. It is concluded that the test substance is negative for mutagenicity to bacteria under the conditions of the test.
In another bacterial mutagenicity study (Evonik, 1989), which was comparable to guideline, a positive result was reported in S. typhimurium TA 1538 only, with and without metabolic activation. These results, however, are not supported by the key study (BioReliance, 2001) and another two reliable bacterial mutagenicity studies (Wacker, 1990; Evonik, 1988). Therefore, the test substance is considered to be negative for mutagenicity to bacteria.
3-Trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol has been tested for ability to cause chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster V79 cells according to OECD TG 473 and under GLP (Eurofins, 2018). No increase in the number of cells with aberrations was observed in experiment I with metabolic activation, 4-hour exposure, or in experiment 2 without activation, 21-hour exposure. An increase of aberrant cells above the historical control range was observed in experiment I without metabolic activation, 4-hour exposure, at concentrations of 1.0 mM and higher. These results varied between the duplicate cultures and the mean increase was not reflected by both cultures. These inductions were considered to be not biologically relevant. To verify the outcome of the first experiment without metabolic activation, a repetition experiment was performed. In the repeat of experiment I without metabolic activation, no biologically relevant increase above the historical control range was observed. Appropriate solvent, negative (treatment medium) and positive controls were included and gave expected results. It is concluded that the test substance is negative for the induction of chromosome aberrations under the conditions of this study.
3-Trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol (CAS 4420-74-0) has been tested for mutagenicity to mammalian cells in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells according to OECD TG 490, and under GLP (Eurofins, 2018). No test-substance induced increase in the number of mutations was observed when tested up to precipitating concentration. Appropriate solvent, negative (treatment medium) and positive controls were included and gave expected results. It is concluded that the test substance is negative for mutagenicity to mammalian cells under the conditions of the study.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available data, no classification for mutagenicity is required for 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
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