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EC number: 221-394-2 | CAS number: 3085-30-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Chronic exposures were conducted with ten replicates for each Al concentration and control. Single C. dubia neonates less than 16 hours old were added to a beaker via a fire-polished, wide-mouth pipette and observed for 7 days. Organisms were fed a mix fermented trout chow, green algae, and yeast daily during the exposures. Test waters were renewed every other day, and checked for deaths or reproduction.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Aluminium chloride was tested at the pH range from 7.2 - 7.9.
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all concentrations
- Sampling method: samples were collected at the initiation, prior to and after solution renewal, and at the termination of the tests
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: samples were immediately acidified with HNO3 to 0.1% (v/v, pH range 1.5 to 2.0), mixed, and allowed to stand (>1 hr) before aliquots were withdrawn and composited. - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: aliquots of 5000 mg/L Al stock was added to filtered raw Lake Superior or dechlorinated tap water.
- All other template details: Not reported - Test organisms (species):
- Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: cladoceran
- Source: initially from USEPA Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN stock culture - then cultured at the University of Wisconsin-Superior culture facility for several generations before use in these tests
- Age at study initiation: less than 16 hours old
- Method of breeding: adult cladocerans were cultured individually in 30 mL containers and were transferred to new water every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. They were fed a 1:1:1 ratio of fermented trout chow solution, yeast solution, and green algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) one daily.
- Feeding during test
- Food type: 1:1:1 ratio of fermented trout chow solution, yeast solution, and green algae (Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Amount: 100 µL
- Frequency: daily
- All other template details: Not reported
ACCLIMATION: none
QUARANTINE: Not applicable - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not reported
- Hardness:
- 50-50.5 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 25 ± 2 degrees C
- pH:
- Nominal: 7.2-7.4, 7.6-7.9
Measured: 7.15 ± 0.05, 7.61 ± 0.11 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Measured DO (mg/L): 7.1 ± 0.1, 7.3 ± 0.1
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured in pH 7.15 test (mg/L): control, 1.4, 2.6, 5.0, 10.0, 17.2
Measured in pH 7.86 test (mg/L): control, 1.1, 2.4, 5.7, 10.1, 17.8 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 30 mL beakers
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 30 mL containers with 16 mL of test solution
- Aeration: test solutions were aerated for at least 24 hours before test initiation, none during testing
- Renewal rate of test solution: every other day
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
- All other template details: Not reported
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dilution water was either raw Lake Superior water for pH 7.15 and UW-Superior Laboratory water for pH 7.61
- Total solids (mg/L at 105 degrees C): 80, 70
- Particulate matter (suspended solids, mg/L): 2, <1
- Chloride (mg Cl/L): 2.8, 3.8
- Alkalinity (mg CaCO3/L): 46.0, 39.6
- All other measured characteristics presented in Table 1
- All other template details: Not reported
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: addition of reagent grade HCl or NaOH prior to test initiation
- Photoperiod: not reported
- Light intensity: not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality and reproduction (number of young produced per adult surviving 7 days) checked every other day
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2x
- All other template details: Not reported - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: acid exchangeable; pH 7.15
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 7.15
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: acid exchangeable; pH 7.15
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 7.15
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: acid exchangeable; pH 7.61
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 7.61
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: acid exchangeable; pH 7.61
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 7.61
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals: see Table 2
- No. of offspring produced per day per female in the control exposures: 2.5 for pH 7.15 and 6.3 for pH 7.61
- There was a test performed at pH 8.1, but 100% of organisms died in the control and all exposure concentrations.
- All other template details: Not reported - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Chronic exposure effects were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests at p ≤ 0.05 significance. Specific concentrations causing significant (p ≤ 0.05) reductions in reproduction were identified using the Dunnett's one-tailed procedure (Steele and Torrie 1980).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC for the mean cumulative number of young per starting adult Ceriodaphnia dubia in raw Lake Superior water at mean pH 7.15 for 7 days was 1.4 mg Al/L and at mean pH 7.61 1.1 mg Al/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
The NOEC and LOEC for the mean cumulative number of young per starting adult Ceriodaphnia dubia in raw Lake Superior water at mean pH 7.15 for 7 days was 1.4 and 2.6 mg Al/L, respectively. The NOEC and LOEC for the mean cumulative number of young per starting adult Ceriodaphnia dubia in raw Lake Superior water at mean pH 7.61 for 7 days was 1.1 and 2.4 mg Al/L, respectively.
Reference
Table 2. Percent survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to a range of aluminium in water with 2 different pH levels for 7 days.
|
Aluminium Exposure (mg/L) |
|||||
pH level |
Control |
1.4 |
2.6 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
17.2 |
7.15 |
90 |
80 |
60 |
20 |
40 |
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Control |
1.1 |
2.4 |
5.7 |
10.1 |
17.8 |
7.61 |
80 |
60 |
70 |
60 |
0 |
0 |
Description of key information
Aluminium tributanolate dissociates instantaneously when exposed to water forming butan-1-ol and aluminium(III) species. Therefore the effects of both hydrolysis products are considered most relevant to assess the toxicity of aluminium tributanolate.
The mean cumulative number of young per adult Ceriodaphnia dubia in raw Lake Superior water when exposed to aluminium chloride was assessed at mean pH values 7.15 and 7.61 during 7 days. NOEC and LOEC were was 1.4 and 2.6 mg Al/L at pH 7.15 and 1.1 and 2.4 mg Al/L a pH 7.61. The 168h- NOEC in the marine Cancer anthonyi (Crustacean) is 1000 ug/L (as Al)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1.1 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1 000 µg/L
Additional information
No valid long-term studies on butan-1-ol are available. Based on the very low toxicity of butan-1-ol and the much higher toxicity of aluminium species, the absence of these data will not affect the risk assessment, which will be based on aluminium toxicity.
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