p-anisylamine

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short-term toxicity to fish:

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the short term toxicity of fish of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:

1.This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound 4-Methoxy benzyl alcohol on the Zebra fish (Danio rerio). Test was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. The test substance was soluble in water. Therefore, the test solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 4 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous stirring for achieving test concentrations of 100 mg/L, respectively.

 

Test conducted at limit test concentration 100 mg/l and Zebra fishes were exposed to this concentration for 96 hours. Test animal was collected from Orange City Aquarium, Sitabuldi, Nagpur, MS (India). 8 fishes exposed to the test concentration. Aeration in test vessels was provided 1 day before the start of experiment. After the exposure of chemical (mortality, visible symptoms, pH, Temperature, dissolved oxygen content) were recorded after 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours of the start of the experiment.  

 

Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC-50 (96 h)] for test chemical on Zebra fish (Danio rerio) was determined to be > 100 mg/L by observing the mortality. Thus based on LC50 it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

2.Fish Acute Toxicity test according to OECD Guideline 203 was conducted for test chemical. The nominal concentration selected for the experiment were 100mg/L and test fish were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for test chemical on Danio rerio in a 96 hours study on the basis of mortality effect was found to be >100 mg/L. Thus, on the basis of this LC50 value and according to CLP criteria for aquatic classification of the substance, it is concluded that the substance, test chemical does not exhibit short term toxicity to fish. LC0 (96 hours) (highest loading at which no mortality was observed) = 100 mg/L .LC50 (96 hours) Experimental = >100 mg/L

Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is >100 mg/l. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified

for short term toxicity for fish .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similarread across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration >100 mg/L .

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:

1.Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnids was carried out with the test materialaccording to OECD Guideline 202.

The stock solution 150.0 mg/L was prepared by dissolving white powder in reconstituted water. The solution was kept in ultrasonic bath for 20 min. The test solutions of required concentrations were prpared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted water.The test substance was tested at the concentrations 0, 30.0, 45.0, 67.5, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L.The test was performed under static conditions in a fresh water system at a temperature of 20 °C± 1 °C. EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0.

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, test material, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 100.8 mg/L for immobilisation effects with 95% CI of 94.7 to 107.4 mg/L.

2.Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in Daphnia magna for 48 hrs. The young daphnids were obtained from continuous cultures in 1 liter glass beakers at 21 ± 0.3 degree C, in dechlorinated and conditioned tap water, the medium was renewed in three weeks and daphnids were fed daily with the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. The pH of test solution was adjusted to 7.45 ± 0.05 with HCL and NaOH. The concentrations of the resultant solutions were checked before and after (48 h) exposure using a UV–visible spectrophotometer.

As the experiment starts neonate were placed in 50 ml of beaker with 40 ml of test solution. All experiment was made in four replicates and performed at 21 ± 0.3 degree C under 16 h light: 8 h dark photoperiod.

Immobility was observed after 24 and 48 hrs and EC 50 value was calculated. After the experiment the EC 50 value of test material for Daphnia magna was determined to be 943 mg/l in 48 hrs.

Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 100.8 to 943.26 mg/L. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation , 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration range of 100.8 to 943.26 mg/L.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobacteria of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:

1.This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound on the growth of green alga Chlorella vulgaris.

The study was conducted following OECD guideline 201- Alga, growth inhibition test. The test concentration chosen for the study were 6.25mg/l, 12.5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l,100mg/l and 200mg/l.

All the tests were carried out in 100mL conical flasks which were carefully autoclaved and sterilized. The test solution in each of these test vessels was kept constant which is 60 ml so that a sufficient amount of head space was left. The test solution was prepared in aseptic condition. The test substance 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was prepared by adding 60 µl of test substance in 300 ml of BBM to get the final concentration of 200 mg/L. The remaining test solutions were prepared by dilution from the above stock solution. To have a better growth and visibility of cells, the initial cell density of the culture was kept 1 X 104 cells/ml. Care was taken to have a homogeneous solution for the experiment.

For the assessment of algal growth, the test was conducted in replicates. The control flask was maintained in triplicates as recommended in the OECD guideline and the test concentration were selected in geometric series which were maintained in duplicates. To obtain a quantitative concentration-response relationship by regression analysis, a linearizing transformation of the response data into probit was performed. Using the same, effective concentration (EC) were determined.

After 72 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations, EC50 was determine to be >200mg/l and the EC10 was determine to be 158.49 mg/l graphically and through probit analysis.

2.The freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the test material according to OECD Guideline 201.

The stock solution 150.0 mg/L was prepared by dissolving white powder in OECD growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture and tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 30.0, 45.0, 67.5, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L.Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The test was performed under static conditions in a static fresh water system at a temperature of 23± 2°C. Initial cell density of test organism used was 5x10(3) cells/ml. Determination of cell counting involve the use of microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0.

The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test material, in a freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 106.9 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate in a 72 hour study with 95% Cl of 83.2 - 137.3 mg/L.

Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 106- 200 mg/l. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation , 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified for toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobaccteria .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration range of 106 - 200 mg/L.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the toxicity to microorganism of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:

1.Antifungal activity of test material was tested at the dose concentrations of 20 and 200 mg/L on the fungi Lipomyces starkeyi IFO10381 for a duration of 7 days. The substance inhibited fungal growth by 14% at both concentrations.

2.Aim of this study was to assess the effect of test chemical on the growth of microorganisms Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate). Test conducted under the static system for total exposure period of 48 hrs. ≥ 3 replicates were used. Based on the population growth rate inhibition of test organism Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate) due to the test chemical , the IC50 was determine to be 157 mg/l. Thus based on the IC50, test chemical was consider as nontoxic.

Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 157- 200 mg/l

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish:

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the short term toxicity of fish of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:

1.This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound 4-Methoxy benzyl alcohol on the Zebra fish (Danio rerio). Test was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. The test substance was soluble in water. Therefore, the test solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 4 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous stirring for achieving test concentrations of 100 mg/L, respectively.

 

Test conducted at limit test concentration 100 mg/l and Zebra fishes were exposed to this concentration for 96 hours. Test animal was collected from Orange City Aquarium, Sitabuldi, Nagpur, MS (India). 8 fishes exposed to the test concentration. Aeration in test vessels was provided 1 day before the start of experiment. After the exposure of chemical (mortality, visible symptoms, pH, Temperature, dissolved oxygen content) were recorded after 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours of the start of the experiment.  

 

Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC-50 (96 h)] for test chemical on Zebra fish (Danio rerio) was determined to be > 100 mg/L by observing the mortality. Thus based on LC50 it can be concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

2.Fish Acute Toxicity test according to OECD Guideline 203 was conducted for test chemical. The nominal concentration selected for the experiment were 100mg/L and test fish were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for test chemical on Danio rerio in a 96 hours study on the basis of mortality effect was found to be >100 mg/L. Thus, on the basis of this LC50 value and according to CLP criteria for aquatic classification of the substance, it is concluded that the substance, test chemical does not exhibit short term toxicity to fish. LC0 (96 hours) (highest loading at which no mortality was observed) = 100 mg/L .LC50 (96 hours) Experimental = >100 mg/L

Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is >100 mg/l. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified

for short term toxicity for fish .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similarread across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration >100 mg/L .

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:

1.Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnids was carried out with the test materialaccording to OECD Guideline 202.

The stock solution 150.0 mg/L was prepared by dissolving white powder in reconstituted water. The solution was kept in ultrasonic bath for 20 min. The test solutions of required concentrations were prpared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted water.The test substance was tested at the concentrations 0, 30.0, 45.0, 67.5, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L.The test was performed under static conditions in a fresh water system at a temperature of 20 °C± 1 °C. EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0.

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, test material, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 100.8 mg/L for immobilisation effects with 95% CI of 94.7 to 107.4 mg/L.

2.Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in Daphnia magna for 48 hrs. The young daphnids were obtained from continuous cultures in 1 liter glass beakers at 21 ± 0.3 degree C, in dechlorinated and conditioned tap water, the medium was renewed in three weeks and daphnids were fed daily with the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. The pH of test solution was adjusted to 7.45 ± 0.05 with HCL and NaOH. The concentrations of the resultant solutions were checked before and after (48 h) exposure using a UV–visible spectrophotometer.

As the experiment starts neonate were placed in 50 ml of beaker with 40 ml of test solution. All experiment was made in four replicates and performed at 21 ± 0.3 degree C under 16 h light: 8 h dark photoperiod.

Immobility was observed after 24 and 48 hrs and EC 50 value was calculated. After the experiment the EC 50 value of test material for Daphnia magna was determined to be 943 mg/l in 48 hrs.

Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 100.8 to 943.26 mg/L. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation , 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration range of 100.8 to 943.26 mg/L.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobacteria of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:

1.This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound on the growth of green alga Chlorella vulgaris.

The study was conducted following OECD guideline 201- Alga, growth inhibition test. The test concentration chosen for the study were 6.25mg/l, 12.5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l,100mg/l and 200mg/l.

All the tests were carried out in 100mL conical flasks which were carefully autoclaved and sterilized. The test solution in each of these test vessels was kept constant which is 60 ml so that a sufficient amount of head space was left. The test solution was prepared in aseptic condition. The test substance 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was prepared by adding 60 µl of test substance in 300 ml of BBM to get the final concentration of 200 mg/L. The remaining test solutions were prepared by dilution from the above stock solution. To have a better growth and visibility of cells, the initial cell density of the culture was kept 1 X 104 cells/ml. Care was taken to have a homogeneous solution for the experiment.

For the assessment of algal growth, the test was conducted in replicates. The control flask was maintained in triplicates as recommended in the OECD guideline and the test concentration were selected in geometric series which were maintained in duplicates. To obtain a quantitative concentration-response relationship by regression analysis, a linearizing transformation of the response data into probit was performed. Using the same, effective concentration (EC) were determined.

After 72 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations, EC50 was determine to be >200mg/l and the EC10 was determine to be 158.49 mg/l graphically and through probit analysis.

2.The freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the test material according to OECD Guideline 201.

The stock solution 150.0 mg/L was prepared by dissolving white powder in OECD growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture and tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 30.0, 45.0, 67.5, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L.Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The test was performed under static conditions in a static fresh water system at a temperature of 23± 2°C. Initial cell density of test organism used was 5x10(3) cells/ml. Determination of cell counting involve the use of microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0.

The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test material, in a freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 106.9 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate in a 72 hour study with 95% Cl of 83.2 - 137.3 mg/L.

Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 106- 200 mg/l. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation , 4-Methoxybenzylamine cannot be classified for toxicity to aquatic algae and cynobaccteria .Hence,based on the data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across, test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine is not likely to be toxic atleast in the concentration range of 106 - 200 mg/L.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the toxicity to microorganism of the test chemical 4-Methoxybenzylamine (2393 -23 -9).The studies are as mentioned below:

1.Antifungal activity of test material was tested at the dose concentrations of 20 and 200 mg/L on the fungi Lipomyces starkeyi IFO10381 for a duration of 7 days. The substance inhibited fungal growth by 14% at both concentrations.

2.Aim of this study was to assess the effect of test chemical on the growth of microorganisms Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate). Test conducted under the static system for total exposure period of 48 hrs. ≥ 3 replicates were used. Based on the population growth rate inhibition of test organism Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate) due to the test chemical , the IC50 was determine to be 157 mg/l. Thus based on the IC50, test chemical was consider as nontoxic.

Thus, based on the above summarised studies, 4-Methoxybenzylamine and it’s structurally and functionally similar read across substance, it can be concluded that effect concetration value is in the range 157- 200 mg/l