Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 206-137-4 | CAS number: 303-26-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed journals and saffety assesment reports
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- European Union Risk Assessment Report : Piperazine
- Author:
- European Chemicals Bureau
- Year:
- 2 005
- Bibliographic source:
- European Union Risk Assessment Report : Piperazine, 3rd Priority List Volume: 56;Final Report, 2005
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Chemical burns of the rabbit cornea.
- Author:
- Carpenter, C.P., Smyth, H.F.
- Year:
- 1 946
- Bibliographic source:
- American Journal of Ophthalmology, 29, 1363–1372, 1946
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Eye irritation test of piperazine was conducted on rabbits.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Piperazine
- EC Number:
- 203-808-3
- EC Name:
- Piperazine
- Cas Number:
- 110-85-0
- Molecular formula:
- C4H10N2
- IUPAC Name:
- Piperazine
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report):piperazine
- Molecular formula :C4H10N2
- Molecular weight:86.136 g/mol
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical State: Solid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Piperazine
- Molecular formula : C4H10N2
- Molecular weight : 86.137 g/mole
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state: Solid
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
Test system
- Vehicle:
- other: sulphuric acid and ammonium hydroxide
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.005 ml of a 5% solution was applied
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 24 hours
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- no data available
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 5
- Details on study design:
- Normal rabbit eyes were selected on basis of visual inspection after staining with a 5% aqueous solution of fluorescein,and flushed out with distilled water 20 seconds after application. After a 2-hour resting period, 0.005 ml of a 5% solution was applied to the centre of the cornea while the lids were retracted. About one minute later the lids were released, and 18-24 hours later the eyes were stained with fluorescein and the injury scored
Eighteen to 24 hours later, the eye is examined in strong diffuse daylight, then stained with fluorescein, and the injury scored.
Scoring System:Injury grade Definition
1 0.5 ml. undiluted gives injury of 0 to 1.0 points
2 0.5 ml. undiluted gives injury of over 1.0 up to 5.0 points
3 0.1 ml. undiluted gives injury of up to 5.0 points (0.5 ml. gives over 5.0)
4 0.02 ml. undiluted gives injury of up to 5.0 points (0.1 ml. gives over 5.0)
5 0.005 ml. undiluted gives injury of up to 5.0 points (0.02 ml. gives over 5.0)
6 Excess of 40% solution gives injury of up to 5.0 points (0.005 ml. gives over 5.0)
7 Excess of 15% solution gives injury of up to 5.0 points (40% gives over 5.0)
8 Excess of 5% solution gives injury of up to 5.0 points (15% gives over 5.0)
9 Excess of 1% solution gives injury of up to 5.0 points (5% gives over 5.0)
10 Excess of 1% solution gives injury of over 5.0 points
Results and discussion
In vivo
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 9
- Max. score:
- 10
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Piperazine caused etching and necrosis of the rabbit cornea
Together with sulphuric acid and ammonium hydroxide, piperazine was given the grade 9 on a scale ranging from 1 to 10, with necrosis covering 60-90% of the cornea.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- An aqueous solution containing 1-5% piperazine (assumingly piperazine base) caused etching and necrosis of the rabbit cornea.
Hence piperazine was considered to be corrosive to rabbit eyes. - Executive summary:
An ocular irritation study was performed on rabbits to assess the irritation potency of the test chemical, piperazine.
Normal rabbit eyes were selected on basis of visual inspection after staining with a 5% aqueous solution of fluorescein, and flushed out with distilled water 20 seconds after application. After a 2-hour resting period, 0.005 ml of a 5% solution was applied to the centre of the cornea while the lids were retracted. About one minute later the lids were released, and 18-24 hours later the eyes were stained with fluorescein and the injury scored.
Together with sulphuric acid and ammonium hydroxide, piperazine was given the grade 9 on a scale ranging from 1 to 10, with necrosis covering 60-90% of the cornea. An aqueous solution containing 1-5% piperazine (assumingly piperazine base) caused etching and necrosis of the rabbit cornea.
Hence piperazine was considered to be corrosive to rabbit eyes.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.