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EC number: 205-429-9 | CAS number: 140-73-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From May 04 to 26, 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 1997
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Intercure 3
- IUPAC Name:
- Intercure 3
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- histidine or tryptophan locus
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Rat liver homogenate metabolizing system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Experiment 1: 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment 2: Salmonella strains TA100 (absence of S9), TA1537 and TA98 (presence of S9) and E.coli strain WP2uvrA (presence of S9): 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 μg/plate. Salmonella strains TA98 and TA1537 (absence of S9), TA1535 and TA100 (presence of S9) and E.coli strain WP2uvrA (absence of S9): 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500 μg/plate. Salmonella strain TA1535 (absence of S9): 0.05, 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150 μg/plate. - Vehicle / solvent:
- Dimethyl formamide- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethyl formamide
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: the test item was insoluble in sterile distilled water and dimethyl sulphoxide at 50 mg/mL and acetone at 100 mg/mL but was fully soluble in dimethyl formamide at 50 mg/mL in solubility checks performed in-house. Dimethyl formamide was therefore selected as the vehicle.
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 9-aminoacridine
- N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- Remarks:
- In the absence of S9-mix
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- benzo(a)pyrene
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- In the presence of S9-mix
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: direct plate incorporation method in Experiment 1 and pre-incubation method in Experiment 2
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min in Experiment 2
- Exposure duration: 48 h
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3
PROCEDURE
Test for Mutagenicity: Experiment 1 - Plate Incorporation Method
Without Metabolic Activation
0.1 mL of the appropriate concentration of test item, solvent vehicle or appropriate positive control was added to 2 mL of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media containing 0.1 mL of one of the bacterial strain cultures and 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer. These were then mixed and overlayed onto a Vogel-Bonner agar plate. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test. Each concentration of the test item, appropriate positive, vehicle and negative controls, and each bacterial strain, was assayed using triplicate plates.
With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial culture, 0.5 mL of S9-mix was added to the molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media instead of phosphate buffer.
Incubation and Scoring
All of the plates were incubated at 37 ± 3 °C for approximately 48 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).
Test for Mutagenicity: Experiment 2 – Pre-Incubation Method
As Experiment 1 was deemed negative, Experiment 2 was performed using the pre-incubation method in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.
Without Metabolic Activation
0.1 mL of the appropriate bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer and 0.1 mL of the test item formulation, solvent vehicle or 0.1 mL of appropriate positive control were incubated at 37 ± 3 °C for 20 minutes (with shaking) prior to addition of 2 mL of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media and subsequent plating onto Vogel-Bonner plates.
Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test employing the plate incorporation method. All testing for this experiment was performed in triplicate.
With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of S9-mix was added to the tube instead of phosphate buffer, prior to incubation at 37 ± 3 °C for 20 minutes (with shaking) and addition of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media. All testing for this experiment was performed in triplicate.
Incubation and Scoring
All of the plates were incubated at 37 ± 3 °C for approximately 48 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity). - Evaluation criteria:
- Evaluation Criteria
There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
4. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).
5. Fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain (especially if accompanied by an out-of-historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).
A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met. Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit making a definite judgment about test item activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal. - Statistics:
- Statistical significance was confirmed by using Dunnetts Regression Analysis (* = p < 0.05) for those values that indicate statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies compared to the concurrent solvent control.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- other: TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- In the absence of S9-mix from 50 μg/plate (TA100, TA1535, WP2uvrA and TA1537) and 150 μg/plate (TA98). In the presence of S9-mix, weakened bacterial lawns were noted to all of the tester strains from 500 μg/plate.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Toxicity to cells
The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 μg/plate. In the first mutation test (plate incorporation method) the test item induced toxicity evident as visible reductions in the growth of the bacterial background lawns of all of the tester strains, initially from 150 μg/plate both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix). Consequently the toxic limit of the test item was employed as the maximum dose level in the second mutation test. The test item induced a generally stronger toxic response after employing the pre-incubation method in the second mutation test with weakened bacterial background lawns noted in the absence of S9-mix from 50 μg/plate (TA100, TA1535, WP2uvrA and TA1537) and 150 μg/plate (TA98). In the presence of S9-mix, weakened bacterial lawns were noted to all of the tester strains from 500 μg/plate. No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Non genotoxic
- Executive summary:
Method
The substance was tested for mutagenic effects in vitro in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains, according to the OECD guidelines 471. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA were treated with the test item using both the Ames plate incorporation and pre-incubation methods at eight dose levels, in triplicate, both with and without the addition of a rat liver homogenate metabolizing system (10 % liver S9 in standard co-factors). The dose range for Experiment 1 was predetermined and was 1.5 to 5000 µg/plate. The experiment was repeated on a separate day (pre-incubation method) using fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test item formulations. The dose range was amended, following the results of Experiment 1, and ranged between 0.05 and 1500 μg/plate, depending on bacterial strain type and presence or absence of S9-mix. Eight test item dose levels per bacterial tester strain were selected in Experiment 2 in order to achieve both a minimum of four non-toxic dose levels and the toxic limit of the test item following the change in test methodology.
Results
There were no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiment 1 (plate incorporation method). Similarly, no toxicologically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiment 2 (pre-incubation method).
Conclusion
Non genotoxic.
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