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EC number: 234-421-8 | CAS number: 12003-13-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay
Titanium trichloride (TiCl3 )
In a reverse gene mutation assay in bacteria, performed according to Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing of Chemicals (Japan), titanium trichloride diluted with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at concentration of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 1000 and 2000 μg/plate was tested in S. Typhimurium TA 1538, TA 1535, TA 98 and TA 100 and in E. coli WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of mamalian metabolic activator (S9) using the preincubation method.
The positive control induced the appropriate response in the corresponding strain.
Titanium trichloride showed potential gene toxicity toward S. typhimirium TA 100 with metabolic activator.
Aluminum chloride
In a reverse gene mutation assay in bacteria, performed according to Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing of Chemicals (Japan), aluminum chloride diluted with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at concentration of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 1000 and 2000μg/plate was tested in S. Typhimurium TA 1538, TA 1535, TA 98 and TA 100 and in E. coli WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of mamaliaan metabolic activator (S9) using the preincubation method.
The positive control induced the appropriate response in the corresponding strain.
Aluminum chloride showed weak potential gene toxicity toward S. typhimirium TA 100 and TA 98 with and without metabolic activator.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- This assay was carried out under Japanese Government to survay the potential genotoxicity.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals
- Version / remarks:
- 1979 (Showa 54)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Pre-incubation method
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Lot No.: STM2422
Supplier: Wako Pure Chemical Industry
PUrity; Extra pure reagent (not specified)
Stability
Stable under dry and inert atmosphere. - Target gene:
- Five strains of S. typhimurium and one strain of E. coli
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 μg/plate
Justification for top dose; 5000 μg/plate is the recommended maximum test concentrations. - Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide)
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- furylfuramide
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium; preincubation; in suspension;suspension
- Cell density at seeding (if applicable):not available
DURATION
- Preincubation period:48 h - Evaluation criteria:
- A concentration-related increase over the range tested and/or a reproducible increase at one or more concentrations in the number of revertant colonies per plate in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation systems.
- Statistics:
- Not used
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- In the reverse mutation assay using 5 strains of S. typhirium and one strain of E. coli with and without metabolic activator (S9), aluminium choride showed weak potential genotoxicity toward TA100 and TA98 with and without metabolic activator.
- Executive summary:
In the reverse mutation assay using 5 strains of S. typhirium and one strain of E. coli with and without metabolic activator (S9), aluminium choride showed weak potential genotoxicity toward TA100 and TA98 with and without metabolic activator.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals
- Version / remarks:
- March 8, 1979 (Showa 54)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Pre-incubation method
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Lot No. EPP2734
Purity : 98%
Stability; Stable under nitrogen atmosphere - Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 10 , 20 , 50 , 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 μg/plate
Justification for the top dose was not specified. - Vehicle / solvent:
- Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- furylfuramide
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium; preincubation; in suspension
DURATION
- Preincubation period:not specified.
- Exposure duration: 48 h
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays):
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2 - Evaluation criteria:
- A concentration-related increase over the range tested and/or a reproducible increase at one or more concentrations in the number of revertant colonies per plate in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation systems.
- Statistics:
- Not used
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- In the reverse mutation assay using 5 strains of S. typhirium and one strain of E. coli with and without metabolic activator (S9), titanium trichoride showed potential genotoxicity toward TA100 with metabolic activator.
- Executive summary:
In the reverse mutation assay using 5 strains of S. typhirium and one strain of E. coli with and without metabolic activator (S9), titanium trichoride showed potential genotoxicity toward TA100 with metabolic activator.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Test results without S9
Concentration |
Number ofRevertants/plate |
|||||
Base-susbstitution |
Frame-shift |
|||||
TA-100 |
TA1535 |
WP2uvrA |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
TA1538 |
|
DMSO |
103 90 95 88 (94) |
15 16 20 25 (19) |
48 46 50 52 (49) |
9 10 12 12 (11) |
9 7 5 5 (7) |
12 16 9 10 (12) |
20 |
92 95 (94) |
19 14 (17) |
55 52 (54) |
15 16 (16) |
6 6 (6) |
10 10 (10) |
50 |
90 98 (94) |
25 28 (27) |
38 43 (41) |
11 12 (12) |
4 9 (7) |
7 12 (10) |
100 |
88 86 (87) |
14 17 (16) |
45 44 (45) |
13 14 (14) |
9 8 (9) |
12 8 (10) |
200 |
117 89 (103) |
19 11 (15) |
34 48 (41) |
15 13 (14) |
8 4 (6) |
9 14 (12) |
500 |
116 107 (112) |
17 13 (15) |
45 59 (52) |
16 13 (15) |
5 7 (6) |
13 20 (17) |
1000 |
146 130 (138) |
16 20 (18) |
60 57 (49) |
21 25 (23) |
10 4 (7) |
13 24 (21) |
2000 |
187 210 (199) |
13 12 (13) |
60 45 (53) |
34 37 (36) |
10 6 (8) |
13 15 (14) |
5000 |
* * (*) |
* * (*) |
60 *23 (*42) |
*
(*) |
* * (*) |
* * (*) |
Positive control |
AF2 0.01μg/plate 361 386 465 398 (403) |
NaN3 0.5μg/plate 193 166 183 213 (189) |
AF2 0.1μg/plate 457 427 406 402 (423) |
AF2 0.1μg/plate 238 220 306 244 (252) |
9AA 80μg/plate 767 673 706 801 (737) |
2NF 2μg/plate 451 498 466 426 (460) |
* ; Cytotoxicity was observed.
AF-2;Furylfuramide NaN3; Sodiumazide, 9AA; 9-Aminoacridine 2-NF; 2-Nitrofluorene
Table 2. Test results with S9
Concentration |
Number ofRevertants/plate |
|||||
Base-susbstitution |
Frame-shift |
|||||
TA-100 |
TA1535 |
WP2uvrA |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
TA1538 |
|
DMSO |
122 99 99 112 (108) |
17 10 11 15 (13) |
42 45 47 43 (44) |
22 30 23 19 (24) |
8 8 9 4 (7) |
22 15 21 27 (21) |
20 |
101 108 (105) |
12 9 (11) |
35 56 (46) |
26 19 (23) |
7 15 (11) |
29 26 (28) |
50 |
100 107 (104) |
18 8 (13) |
48 45 (47) |
34 30 (32) |
9 6 (8) |
25 22 (24) |
100 |
114 129 (122) |
10 10 (10) |
42 54 (48) |
35 32 (34) |
17 12 (15) |
20 23 (22) |
200 |
103 125 (114) |
14 17 (16) |
44 59 (52) |
28 27 (28) |
13 11 (12) |
29 21 (25) |
500 |
129 125 (127) |
8 9 (9) |
47 53 (50) |
23 30 (27) |
10 11 (11) |
20 24 (22) |
1000 |
143 182 (163) |
9 11 (10) |
48 36 (42) |
53 45 (49) |
9 13 (11) |
26 19 (23) |
2000 |
234 223 (229) |
17 16 (17) |
57 58 (58) |
60 64 (62) |
6 9 (8) |
21 22 (22) |
5000 |
* * (*) |
* * (*) |
*28 *15 (*22) |
* * (*) |
* * (*) |
*11 * (*6) |
Positive control |
2AA 0.5μg/plate 583 695 604 669 (638) |
2AA 2μg/plate 203 254 258 288 (251) |
2AA 10μg/plate 736 632 655 678 (675) |
2AA 0.5μg/plate 469 414 495 391 (442) |
2AA 2μg/plate 146 171 226 162 (176) |
2AA 0.5μg/plate 451 498 466 426 (460) |
* : Cytotoxicity was observed.
2AA; 2-Aminoanthracene
Table 1. Test results without S9
Concentration |
Number ofRevertants/plate |
|||||
Base-susbstitution |
Frame-shift |
|||||
TA-100 |
TA1535 |
WP2uvrA |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
TA1538 |
|
DMSO |
(84) |
(14) |
(47) |
(12) |
(7) |
(11) |
10 |
89 95 (92) |
15 15 (15) |
60 45 (53) |
9 15 (12) |
5 6 (6) |
17 9 (13) |
20 |
87 90 (89) |
10 13 (12) |
44 53 (49) |
10 14 (12) |
8 5 (7) |
18 17 (18) |
50 |
78 73 (76) |
13 15 (14) |
47 45 (46) |
17 16 (17) |
4 6 (5) |
14 8 (11) |
100 |
89 101 (95) |
14 16 (15) |
37 45 (41) |
15 20 (18) |
7 8 (8) |
15 18 (17) |
200 |
88 100 (94) |
10 12 (11) |
57 48 (53) |
18 18 (18) |
7 5 (6) |
9 11 (10) |
500 |
127 127 (127) |
12 11 (12) |
45 56 (51) |
18 19 (19) |
7 4 (6) |
21 12 (17) |
1000 |
154 130 (142) |
10 9 (10) |
46 44 (45) |
24 20 (22) |
4 7 (6) |
11 12 (12) |
2000 |
105 96 (101) |
7 9 (8) |
46 49 (48) |
19 17 (18) |
5 5 (5) |
10 10 (10) |
Judgment Specific Mutagenicity |
- |
-
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
Positive control |
AF2 (373) |
NaN3 (288) |
AF2 (369) |
AF2 (310) |
9AA (819) |
2NF (423) |
AF-2;Furylfuramide NaN3; Sodiumazide, 9AA; 9-Aminoacridine 2-NF; 2-Nitrofluorene
Table 2. Test results with S9
Concentration |
Number ofRevertants/plate |
|||||
Base-susbstitution |
Frame-shift |
|||||
TA-100 |
TA1535 |
WP2uvrA |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
TA1538 |
|
DMSO |
(88) |
(12) |
(47) |
(28) |
(10) |
(21) |
10 |
81 85 (83) |
9 15 (12) |
39 61 (50) |
24 23 (24) |
11 12 (12) |
23 13 (18) |
20 |
93 89 (91) |
10 17 (14) |
39 35 (37) |
22 322 (27) |
10 11 (11) |
17 17 (17) |
50 |
88 86 (87) |
15 12 (14) |
60 42 (51) |
24 34 (29) |
18 11 (15) |
19 23 (21) |
100 |
109 98 (104) |
11 8 (10) |
44 60 (52) |
38 30 (34) |
9 8 (9) |
19 18 (19) |
200 |
144 146 (145) |
14 13 (14) |
62 63 (63) |
38 49 (44) |
15 4 (10) |
30 18 (24) |
500 |
256 256 (256) |
12 15 (14) |
65 63 (64) |
55 47 (51) |
6 6 (6) |
14 24 (19) |
1000 |
322 326 (324) |
18 9 (14) |
51 67 (59) |
48 40 (44) |
4 13 (9) |
25 15 (20) |
2000 |
214 222 (218) |
7 9 (8) |
54 43 (49) |
10 21 (16) |
6 4 (5) |
8 9 (9) |
Judgment Specific Mutagenicity |
+ 336 |
-
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
Positive control |
2AA 0.5 (294) |
2AA (339) |
2AA (666) |
2AA (310) |
2AA (179) |
2AA (279) |
2AA; 2-Aminoanthracene
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (positive)
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.