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EC number: 208-048-6 | CAS number: 506-64-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / micronucleus study
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable without restriction - guideline study, GLP-compliant.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 015
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 487 (In vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Silver cyanide
- EC Number:
- 208-048-6
- EC Name:
- Silver cyanide
- Cas Number:
- 506-64-9
- Molecular formula:
- CAgN
- IUPAC Name:
- silver(1+) cyanide
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Physical state: White solid
- Storage condition of test material: Stored at room temperature, in the dark.
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Cells with micronuclei
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: Eagle#s minimal essential medium with HEPES buffer, supplemented with L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, amphotericin B and 10 % foetal bovine serum
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: no
- Periodically checked for karyotype stability: no
- Periodically "cleansed" against high spontaneous background: no - Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Experiment 1a: Nominal concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ug/mL
Experiment 1b: Nominal concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 120 and 160 ug/mL
Experiment 2: Nominal concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 120 and 160 ug/mL - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Minimal essential medium (MEM)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Maximum test item solubility was 13.4 mg/mL in MEM
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Minimal essential medium
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- mitomycin C
- other: demecolcine
- Remarks:
- Mitomycin C was dissolved in MEM and was tested in the absence of S9 at 0.2 ug/mL. Cyclophosphamid was dissolved in DMSO and was tested in the presence of S9 at 5 ug/mL. Demecolcine was dissolved in water and tested in the absence of S9 at 0.075 ug/mL.
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 48 hours
- Exposure duration: 4 hours (Exp. 1); 24 hours (Exp. 2)
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 28 hours
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): Cytochalasin B
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): 5 % Giemsa
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: A minimum of approximately 500 cells per culture for cytoxicity and 1000 binucleated cells per culture (two cultures per concentration) for micronucleus frequency.
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI; the number of cell cycles per cell during the period of exposure to Cytochalasin B)
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: Micronucleus frequency. - Evaluation criteria:
- Negative control - the frequency of binucleate cells with micronuclei in the vehicle control cultures should be within the range of the laboratory historical control data.
Positive control - the positive control chemicals must induce positive responses (p=<0.01) - Statistics:
- Treatment data were compared against the vehicle control using the Chi-squared Test on observed numbers of cells with micronuclei. Significance was determined at p < 0.05 and the presence of a reproducible dose-response relationship.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- No surviving cells above 40 ug/mL in the absence of S9 and 80 ug/mL in the presence of S9 in Experiment 1. No surviving cells above 80 ug/mL in Experiment 2.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: No significant change in pH when the test item was dosed into media (range: 7.31 to 7.37).
- Effects of osmolality: Osmolality did not increase by more than 50 mOsm.
- Evaporation from medium: Treatment solutions were formulated within two hours of being applied to the test system and it is assumed that the test item formulation was stable for this duration.
- Water solubility: Silver cyanide is insoluble in water.
- Precipitation: No precipitate was observed at the end of the exposure period in all experiments.
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
The dose range for the Preliminary Toxicity Test was 0.65, 1.31, 2.62, 5.23, 10.47, 20.94, 41.88, 83.75, 167.5, 335 and 1340 ug/mL. In the 4-hour exposure group, binucleate cells were present at up to 41.88 ug/mL and 83.75 ug/mL in the absence and presence of metabolic activation, respectively. The selection of the maximum dose level for the main study was based on toxicity.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
The results for the vehicle control and positive control were within the historical range.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
No surviving cells were present at concentrations above 40 ug/mL in all tests.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Silver cyanide is considered to be non-clastogenic and non-aneugenic to human lymphocytes in vitro. - Executive summary:
The potential for silver cyanide to cause chromosome aberrations was tested in a micronucleus test in human lymphocytes in vitro. Cells were exposed to nominal concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ug/mL silver cyanide in the absence of S9 for 4 hours and nominal concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 120 and 160 ug/mL silver cyanide for 4 -hours in the presence of S9 for 4 -hours and for 24 -hours in the absence of S9. Exposure periods were followed by a 28 -hour incubation period in treatment-free media, in the presence of Cytochalasin B. Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index and micronucleus frequency were calculated. Silver cyanide was determined to be non-clastogenic and non-aneugenic to human lymphocytes in vitro. This study is reliable without restriction as it was GLP-compliant and was conducted according to guideline.
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