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EC number: 239-263-3 | CAS number: 15206-55-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in chemico
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
- Report date:
- 2013
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 442C (In Chemico Skin Sensitisation: Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA))
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Although the study predates the adoption of the OECD 442 C guideline (4 Feb 2015) it was conducted to the methods described in the following literature sources, and used as the basis for the OECD 442 C guideline:
• Gerberick GF, Vassallo JD, Bailey RE, Chaney JG, Morrall SW, Lepoittevin JP. Development of a Peptide Reactivity Assay for Screening Contact Allergens. Toxicological Sciences 81,332-343, 2004.
• Gerberick GF, Vassallo JD, Foertsch LM, Price BB, Chaney JG, Lepoittenvin JP. Quantificationn of Chemical Peptide Reactivity for Screening Contact Allergens: A Classification Tree Model Approach. Toxicological Sciences 97(2), 417-427, 2007.
• Bauch C, Kolle SN, Fabian E, Pachel C, Ramirez T, Wiench B, Wruck CJ, van Ravenzwaay B, Landsiedel R. Intralaboratory validation of four in vitro assays for the prediction of the skin sensitizing potential of chemicals. Toxicology in Vitro 25, 1162 – 1168, 2011.
• Maxwell G, Aeby P, Ashikaga T, Bessou-Touya S, Diembeck W, Gerberick F, Kern P, Marrec-Fairley M, Ovigne JM, Sakaguchi H, Schroeder K, Tailhardat M, Teissier S, Winkler P. Skin sensitisation: the Colipa strategy for developing and evaluating nonanimal test methods for risk assessment. ALTEX 28(1): 50-5, 2011.
The study report contains no deviations from the OECD 442 C test method. - GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of study:
- direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methyl benzoylformate
- EC Number:
- 239-263-3
- EC Name:
- Methyl benzoylformate
- Cas Number:
- 15206-55-0
- Molecular formula:
- C9H8O3
- IUPAC Name:
- methyl oxo(phenyl)acetate
Constituent 1
In chemico test system
- Details on the study design:
- The test substance was incubated with synthetic peptides for ca. 24 hours at room temperature and the remaining non-depleted peptide concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gradient elution and UV-detection at 220 nm. The test substance was dissolved at a 100 mM concentration in acetonitrile. Three samples of the test substance were incubated with each peptide in ratios of 1:10 (for C-peptide) or 1:50 (for K-peptide). Additionally triplicates of the concurrent vehicle control (= NC) were incubated with the peptides. Further, a co-elution control was performed in order to detect possible interference of the test substance with the peptides. The samples consisted of the test substance, vehicle and the respective peptide buffer but without peptide. Moreover the samples were analyzed by measuring UV absorbance at 258 nm and the area ratio 220 / 258 was calculated as a measure of peak purity.
Test system:
Synthetic peptides:
- Cysteine- (C-) containing peptide: Ac-RFAACAA-COOH (MW=751.9 g/mol)
- Lysine- (K-) containing peptide: Ac-RFAAKAA-COOH (MW=776.2 g/mol)
The peptides are custom material (Supplier: RS Synthesis, Louisville KY, USA) containing phenylalanine to aid in detection and either cysteine or lysine as the reactive center.
HPLC:
- Liquid chromatograph: Agilent HP 1100 with DAD
- Software: Dionex Chromeleon
- Column: Phenomenex Luna 3µ C18 (2), 100 mm x 2 mm with guard column "Security Guard“ C18, 4 mm x 2 mm
- Analytical balance: Accuracy 0.1 mg
- Pipettes / positive displacement pipette: For pipetting liquids of different viscosity up to 5 mL and graduated pipette with pipettor or graduated cylinder for higher volumes.
- pH meter: Readability +/- 0.1 pH units.
For adjusting pH-values of buffers.
- HPLC mobile phase A: 0.1% (v/v) trifluoracetic acid (99+%) in de-ionized water, HPLC grade
- HPLC mobile phase B: 0.085% (v/v) trifluoracetic acid (99+%) in acetonitrile, HPLC grade
- Reagents for preparing the buffers:
Sodium phosphate, monobasic monohydrate, CAS-no. 10049-21-5 (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich S9638)
Sodium phosphate, dibasic heptahydrate, CAS-no. 7782-85-6 (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich S9390)
Ammonium acetate, CAS-no. 631-61-8 (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich 32301)
Ammonium hydroxide, 28% – 30%, CAS-no. 1336-21-6 (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich 320145)
Controls:
- Negative control (NC): vehicle control = acetonitrile
- Positive control (PC): Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA; CAS-no. 97-90-5) (prepared as a 50 mM solution in acetonitrile)
- Co-elution control: Sample prepared of the respective peptide buffer and the test substance but without peptide.
Test-substance preparation:
The test substance solutions were prepared within 4 hours of performing the assay (preparation of samples).
- Test-substance preparation: The test substance was prepared as a 100 mM solution in acetonitrile. After short stirring the test substance was soluble
in the vehicle.
- Vehicle: acetonitrile
- Reason for the vehicle: The test substance was soluble in acetonitrile.
Measurement of peptide concentrations:
The analyses of the samples were performed via HPLC under the following conditions:
- Column: Phenomenex Luna 3µ C18 (2), 100 mm x 2 mm with guard column "Security Guard“ C18, 4 mm x 2 mm
- Eluent:
A: 0.1% (v/v) trifluoracetic acid in de-ionized water
B: 0.085% (v/v) trifluoracetic acid in acetonitrile
- Flow: 0.35 mL/min
- Gradient:
time [min] %B
0 10
10 25
11 90
13 90
13.5 10
25 10
- Wavelength: 220 nm and 258 nm
- Injection volume: 2 µL
Results and discussion
- Positive control results:
- See "Any other information on results incl. tables".
In vitro / in chemico
Resultsopen allclose all
- Parameter:
- other: Mean C-peptide depletion [%]
- Value:
- 3.18
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Parameter:
- other: Mean K-peptide depletion [%]
- Value:
- 19.34
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY:
The test was determined to be valid. See below for full result tables and historical controls.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: Yes
- Range of historical values if different from the ones specified in the test guideline: See below for full result tables and historical controls.
Any other information on results incl. tables
RESULTS WITH CYSTEINE-PEPTIDE
Reaction with cysteine-peptide | peak area [mAU*s] at 220 nm | peptide concentration [mM] | mean | SD | ||||
sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | |||
Negative control - Acetonitrile | 744.3 | 753.2 | 741.0 | 0.491 | 0.497 | 0.489 | 0.492 | 0.004 |
Test material | 717.0 | 726.5 | 723.7 | 0.473 | 0.479 | 0.477 | 0.476 | 0.003 |
Positive control - Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | 356.0 | 320.8 | 2655 | 0.235 | 0.212 | 0.176 | 0.208 | 0.03 |
Reaction with cysteine-peptide | peptide depletion [%] | mean | SD | ||
sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | |||
Negative control - Acetonitrile | 0.24 | -0.94 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.84 |
Test material | 3.9 | 2.64 | 3.0 | 3.18 | 0.65 |
Positive control - Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | 52.18 | 56.88 | 64.28 | 57.78 | 6.1 |
Reaction with cysteine-peptide | peak area [mAU*s] at 258 nm | area ratio 220/258 | ||||
sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | |
Negative control - Acetonitrile | 20.9 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 35.5 | 35.2 | 35.7 |
Test material | 20.9 | 20.9 | 19.5 | 34.4 | 34.8 | 37.1 |
Positive control - Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | 9.5 | 8.6 | 6.7 | 37.5 | 37.5 | 39.4 |
RESULTS WITH LYSINE-PEPTIDE
Reaction with cysteine-peptide | peak area [mAU*s] at 220 nm | peptide concentration [mM] | mean | SD | ||||
sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | |||
Negative control - Acetonitrile | 722.0 | 728.5 | 721.8 | 0.503 | 0.507 | 0.502 | 0.504 | 0.003 |
Test material | 583.8 | 588.9 | 576.1 | 0.407 | 0.41 | 0.403 | 0.407 | 0.004 |
Positive control - Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | 624.1 | 620.0 | 610.5 | 0.435 | 432 | 0.425 | 0.431 | 0.005 |
Reaction with cysteine-peptide | peptide depletion [%] | mean | SD | ||
sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | |||
Negative control - Acetonitrile | 0.29 | -0.6 | 0.32 | 0 | 0.52 |
Test material | 19.31 | 18.62 | 20.09 | 19.34 | 0.74 |
Positive control - Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | 13.76 | 14.33 | 15.64 | 14.58 | 0.96 |
Reaction with cysteine-peptide | peak area [mAU*s] at 258 nm | area ratio 220/258 | ||||
sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | sample 1 | sample 2 | sample 3 | |
Negative control - Acetonitrile | 21.0 | 21.3 | 21.1 | 34.3 | 34.2 | 34.2 |
Test material | 17.0 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 34.4 | 34.6 | 35.0 |
Positive control - Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | 18.4 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 33.9 | 35 | 34.5 |
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA
Historical Range of NC
Acetonitrile
Historical Period | mean peak area [mAU*s] | mean peptide concentration [mM] | SD of peptide concentration |
Jan - Feb 2013 (no of tests performed: 29) | |||
Cysteine-peptide | 779.0 | 0.487 | 0.0201 |
Lysine-peptide | 701.0 | 0.503 | 0.031 |
Historical Range of PC
Ethylene Glycol dimethacrylate 98% (50 mM in ACN)
Historical Period | mean peak area [mAU*s] |
mean peptide concentration [mM] |
SD of peptide concentration | mean peptide depletion [%] |
Feb 2012 - Feb 2013 (no of tests performed: 25) | ||||
Cysteine-peptide | 312 | 0.194 | 0.057 | 60 |
Lysine-peptide | 625 | 0.448 | 0.026 | 11 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The mean depletion % to the test material were determined to be C-peptide 3.18% and K-peptide 19.34%. The test material was determined to be of low reactivity under the conditions of the test.
- Executive summary:
The reactivity of the test material towards synthetic cysteine (C)- or lysine (K)-containing peptides was evaluated in the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA). For this purpose the test substance was incubated with synthetic peptides for ca. 24 hours at
room temperature and the remaining non-depleted peptide concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gradient elution and UV-detection at 220 nm.
The test substance was dissolved at a 100 mM concentration in acetonitrile. Three samples of the test substance were incubated with each peptide in ratios of 1:10 (for C-peptide) or 1:50 (for K-peptide). Additionally triplicates of the concurrent vehicle control (= NC) were incubated with the peptides.
Further, a co-elution control was performed in order to detect possible interference of the test substance with the peptides. The samples consisted of the test substance, vehicle and the respective peptide buffer but without peptide. Moreover the samples were analyzed by measuring UV absorbance at 258 nm and the area ratio 220 / 258 was calculated as a measure of peak purity.
The following results were obtained in the DPRA:
The test substance was solved in acetonitrile. The samples of the test substance with the peptides were solutions. Visual observation after the 24-hour incubation time did not reveal precipitates in all samples of the test substance with both peptides.
The mean C-peptide depletion, caused by the test substance was determined to be 3.18%.
The mean K-peptide depletion, caused by the test substance was determined to be 19.34%.
Thus, the mean peptide depletion was calculated to be 11.26%.
No co-elution of test substance and peptides was noticed.
Based on the observed results and applying the prediction model proposed in Gerberick et. al (2007) and cited in chapter 3.10 it was concluded that the test material shows a low chemical reactivity in the DPRA under the test conditions chosen.
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