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EC number: 208-060-1 | CAS number: 506-93-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: simulation testing on ultimate degradation in surface water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 309 (Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- guideline not cited, no in depth reporting, results comparable to guideline test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Surface water samples were incubated with 5 different guanidinium concentrations (added as 64% guanidinium chloride) and 1µCi carbon-14 guanidinium. Percentaged of guanidinium carbon converted to carbon dioxide were determined from levels of trapped radioactivity in each sample during up to 90 days.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- natural water
- Details on source and properties of surface water:
- surface water samples obtained from two streams in the vicinity of a nitroguanidine pilot production facility (Hansen and Kill Creek) and several stream (Carroll Creek) and river (Monocacy) sites in the vicinity of Frederick, USA
- Duration of test (contact time):
- < 90 d
- Initial conc.:
- 0.001 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Guanidinium
- Initial conc.:
- 0.01 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Guanidinium
- Initial conc.:
- 0.1 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Guanidiniumø
- Initial conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Guanidiniumø
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Guanidiniumø
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- radiochem. meas.
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Volume of test solution/treatment: 250ml water
- Composition of medium: 0.2% potassium phosphate, pH7
- Additional substrate: 17mg/L arginine
- Test temperature: 25°C
- Aeration of dilution water: agitation
- Suspended solids concentration: 20mg/L guanidine nitrate
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: flask
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: agitation
CONTROL
- Abiotic sterile control: autoclaved water - Parent/product:
- parent
- Compartment:
- water
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 9.9
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 93 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.0005 mg/l
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Compartment:
- water
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 5.3
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 93 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.01 mg/l
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Compartment:
- water
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 77
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 93 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.10 mg/l
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Compartment:
- water
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 80
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 75 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.0 mg/l
- Parent/product:
- parent
- Compartment:
- water
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 85
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 75 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10 mg/l
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 8 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Carroll Creek (west) after 52 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Carroll Creek (central) after 28 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Monocacy (north) after 22 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 4 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Monocacy (south) after 20 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 7.5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Summer Carroll Creek (central) after 50 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Summer Monocacy River (south) after 40 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 4.5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Hansen Creek after 11 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Kill Creek after 16 d lag
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- no
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Guanidine chloride is shown to be biodegraded in environmental water.
- Executive summary:
Guanidine chloride is shown to be biodegraded in environmental water.
For Guanidine chloride, levels of carbon dioxide production after 1 and 10 days were less than 1 and 5% respectively for all of the concentrations tested and did not exceed their initial rates during that period. At the three highest concentrations (0.1 - 10 mg Guanidinium/l), inflections in carbon dioxide production occurred with continued incubation such that by the end of the experiment 85, 80, and 77% respectively of the guanidinium carbon was converted to carbon dioxide. Similar extensive mineralization did not occur at or below 0.01 mg/L and developed more slowly at 0.1 mg/L than at the two higher concentrations. Mineralization patterns for guanidinium carbon were reproducible in surface water from a second site (Carroll Creek), Thus, the development of the microbial populations capable of enhanced guanidinium mineralization is related to the concentration of the cation. At higher concentrations, a biodegrading population could well develop that would ultimately effect the persistence of the cation. However, both from direct observations in surface water samples (other experiments in the publication) and from the evaluation of an enriched laboratory population, the development of such a population as well as its degradation of guanidinium would likely be slow.
Degradation tests with 8 river water samples from different locations showed a mean degradation half life for guanidine of 5.25 d at 25°C after a mean lag phase of 30 d.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: simulation testing on ultimate degradation in surface water
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Read-across from a GLP guideline study with Reliability 1 Justification for read-across: Guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine nitrate dissociate in aqueous media to yield the guanidine ion and the respective anion. Therefore it is reasonable to discuss the effects of the ions separately. A detailed justification is outlined in IUCLID chapter 13.2 "Justification for read-across".
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Duration of test (contact time):
- < 90 d
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 9.9
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 93 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.0005 mg/l
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 5.3
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 93 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.01 mg/l
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 77
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 93 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.10 mg/l
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 80
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 75 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.0 mg/l
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 85
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 75 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10 mg/l
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 8 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Carroll Creek (west) after 52 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Carroll Cree (central) after 28 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Monocacy (north) after 22 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 4 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Monocacy (south) after 20 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 7.5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Summer Carroll Creek (central) after 50 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 3 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Summer Monocacy River (south) after 40 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 4.5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Hansen Creek after 11 d lag
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Winter Kill Creek after 16 d lag
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- no
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Guanidine nitrate is expected to be biodegraded in environmental water.
- Executive summary:
Levels of carbon dioxide production after 1 and 10 days were less than 1 and 5% respectively for all of the concentrations tested and did not exceed their initial rates during that period. At the three highest concentrations (0.1 - 10 mg Guanidinium/l), inflections in carbon dioxide production occurred with continued incubation such that by the end of the experiment 85, 80, and 77% respectively of the guanidinium carbon was converted to carbon dioxide. Similar extensive mineralization did not occur at or below 0.01 mg/L and developed more slowly at 0.1 mg/L than at the two higher concentrations. Mineralization patterns for guanidinium carbon were reproducible in surface water from a second site (Carroll Creek), Thus, the development of the microbial populations capable of enhanced guanidinium mineralization is related to the concentration of the cation. At higher concentrations, a biodegrading population could well develop that would ultimately effect the persistence of the cation. However, both from direct observations in surface water samples (other experiments in the publication) and from the evaluation of an enriched laboratory population, the development of such a population as well as its degradation of guanidinium would likely be slow.
Degradation tests with 8 river water samples from different locations showed a mean degradation half life for guanidine of 5.25 d at 25°C after a mean lag phase of 30 d.
Referenceopen allclose all
no remark
Description of key information
Guanidine nitrate is expected to be biodegraded in environmental water.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life in freshwater:
- 5.25 d
- at the temperature of:
- 25 °C
Additional information
The development of the microbial populations capable of enhanced guanidinium mineralization is related to the concentration of the cation. At the three highest concentrations (0.1 - 10 mg/l), a biodegrading population developed that ultimately effected the persistence of the cation. Mineralization occurred also at 3 guanidinium concentrations tested from 0.0005 - 0.01 mg/l but not with a similar extensive mineralization rate as at 0.1 - 10 mg/ Guanidinium /L and mineralization rate developed more slowly as at 0.1 mg/L.
Both from direct observations in surface water samples (other experiments in the publication) and from the evaluation of an enriched laboratory population, the development of such a population as well as its degradation of guanidinium would likely be slow.
Degradation tests with 8 river water samples from different locations showed a mean degradation half life for guanidine of 5.25 d at 25°C after a mean lag phase of 30 d.
Justification for read-across:
Guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine nitrate dissociate in aqueous media to yield the guanidine ion and the respective anion. Therefore it is reasonable to discuss the effects of the ions separately. The chloride ion is a naturally occurring essential ion in human beings with well-known metabolism and mechanisms of action as described in standard textbooks on pharmacology and physiology. As well it is found as salt in the Earth´s crust and is dissolved in seawater. The nitrate ion occures in waste waters and natural waters with other sources as guanidine nitrate (for example fertilisers). Nitrate is a nitrogen source for algae and microorganisms. It is metabilised and incorporated by organisms or reduced to nitrogen.
Effects of guanidine hydrochloride are expected to be based primarily on the guanidine ion. The physiological processing of the guanidine ion is expected to be independent of the individual source. Therefore read-across from guanidine hydrochloride for effects of guanidine dissociated from guanidine nitrate is considered valid. This strategy is supported by a quite similar toxicological profile of both substances, as shown in acute toxicity, irritation, sensitization and genotoxic studies.
A more detailed justification is attached and outlined in CSR chapter 1.1.2 as well.
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