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EC number: 246-805-2 | CAS number: 25306-75-6
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Considered suitable for read-across
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Air humidity ranged from 42% to 78%. According to the Study Plan, it should have been between 45% - 95%. The decrease in air humidity was a short-term deviation (about 1) which did not affect the final results.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 10/2013/DPL
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- -family: Compositae (Asteraceae)-variety: Paskowany-source of seeds: Przedsiębiorstwo Nasienne “SELECTA”, Gądki near Poznań, Poland- batch number: 206/W-seed viability: 99%
- Species:
- Pisum sativum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- -family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)-variety: Iłówiecki-source of seeds: Przedsiębiorstwo Nasienne “SELECTA”, Gądki near Poznań, Poland-seed viability: 92%
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- -family: Brassicaceae -source of seeds: Agricultural farm, Łąka near Pszczyna, Poland-seed viability: 93%
- Species:
- Daucus carota
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- Family:Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)- variety: Lenka- source of seeds: PNOS Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland- Seed viability: 89%
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- -family: Solanaceae -variety: Krakus-source of seeds: Przedsiębiorstwo Nasienne “SELECTA”, Gądki near Poznań, Poland seed viability: 95%
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- -family: Poaceae (Gramineae)-variety: Gloria-source of seeds: DANKO, Zakład Hodowoli Roślin Szelejewo, Szelejewo Drugie 39, 63 – 820 Piaski, Poland-seed viability: 95%
- Test type:
- seedling emergence toxicity test
- Study type:
- extended laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Test temperature:
- 22.0 – 29.0°C
- Details on test conditions:
- humidity: 42 – 78% lighting: 16 h light : 8 h dark light intensity: 4310 – 5000 lux carbon dioxide concentration: 352 – 390 ppm
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Daucus carota
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 52.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test item had a varied impact on the growth and seedling emergence of the test plant species. The impact depended on the concentration and species.After application of the test item at the concentration of 1000.0 mg/kg dry weight of soil, pea, carrot, and tomato did not emerge.The lowest EC50 value was 52.5 mg/kg dry weight of soil (carrot). It was determined on the basis of shoot length measurements at the end of the experiment.Shoot length and dry weight measurements proved that the test item inhibited the process of growth of carrot, tomato, and pea. It also slightly inhibited the growth of sunflower, oilseed rape, and barley.Phytotoxic symptoms were observed. These were delayed growth and mortality.The following order of the test plant sensitivity was noticed: carrot > tomato > oilseed rape > sunflower > pea > barley.
- Executive summary:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of SODIUM ETHYL XANTHATE on seedling emergence and seedling growth of 5 dicotyledonous and 1 monocotyledonous test plants.The test item (an aqueous solution) was introduced to thesoilafterseeds had been sown.In case ofeach species,sixconcentrations of the test itemwere used. There was a concurrent control group.Each concentration and the control group were divided into four replicates.The experiment was conducted in a special room. Suitable environmental conditions for each test species were provided. During the experiment, the plants were observed for emergence (every day) and visual phytotoxicity (after 7 and 14 days). The experiment finished 14 days after the emergence of 50% of the control seedlings. At the end of the experiment, the number of surviving plants was determined. Next, the plants were cut down, measured, dried to a constant weight at 60ºC, and weighed.
The results concerning the shoot length, the dry weight, and the number of plants at the end of the experiment were statistically analyzed in order to determine the EC25, EC50, NOEC.
Reference
|
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus |
Pea
Pisum sativum |
Oilseed rape
Brassica napus |
Carrot
Daucus carota |
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum |
Barley
Hordeum vulgare |
Plants number at the end of the test | ||||||
EC25 | 519.8 (305.2 – 789.5) |
374.2
| 28.7 |
324.1
| 245.3 (160.7 – 318.6) | 653.4 (373.8 – 1448.9) |
EC50 |
963.2 (653.2 –2236.2) |
426.1
| 397.8 |
371.7
|
358.5 (270.2 – 476.1) |
> 1000.0
|
NOEC | 333.0 | 333.0 | 4.1 | 333.0 | 111.0 | 333.0 |
Shoot length (shoots without roots) | ||||||
EC25 | 35.0 (14.8 – 83.1) | 62.4 (36.3 – 107.4) | 38.7 (29.6 – 50.7) | 12.2 (2.8 – 53.5) | 22.8 (6.6 – 78.9) | 90.8 (34.7 – 237.6) |
EC50 | 115.5 (62.0 – 215.0) |
229.5 (138.2 – 381.0) | 110.9 (91.3 – 134.6) | 52.5 (19.1 – 144.6) | 180.0 (56.6 – 572.0) | 246.9 (123.0 – 495.6) |
NOEC | 4.1 | 4.1 | 12.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
Plant dry weight (shoots without roots) | ||||||
EC25 | 43.8 (24.7 – 77.7) | 47.3 (21.9 – 102.0) | 35.0 (13.9 – 88.1) | 17.0 (4.4 – 65.3) | 23.2 (11.1 – 48.5) | 66.0 (33.6 – 129.5) |
EC50 | 183.3 (120.5 – 278.8) | 309.6 (123.4 – 777.0) |
128.6 (66.2 – 249.9) | 65.4 (25.1 – 170.9) | 105.9 (60.1 – 184.6) | 132.2 (81.2 –215.4) |
NOEC | 4.1 | 4.1 | 12.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 37.0 |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 52.5 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Xanthates are used as defoliants, herbicides and fungicides in agriculture ( www.primayinfo.com/industry/xanthate.htm)
Potassium ethyl xanthate (CAS# 140-89-6) is used as herbicide and defoliant (PAM Pesticide Database, San Francisco, CA, 2009)
Sodium isopropyl xanthate (CAS# 140-93-2) is used for control of annual weeds in bean and pea fields (Aslchem International Inc. Richmont , BC, Canada)and is used as herbicide and defoliant (Gosselin R.E. et all, 1976, Clinical Toxicology of Commercial products, II-211)
Carbon disulfide (CAS# 75 -15 -0) toxicity to germination of maize and wheat:
Exposure period: 1 day,.
Result: NOEC = 250 mg/dm3of CS2(Courbevoie; UCLID Dataset , Carbon disulfide, 2000 European Chemicals Bureau)
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