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EC number: 242-159-0 | CAS number: 18282-10-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published literature fulfilled basically scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 973
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In order to investigate repeated toxicity in 28 days of series of tin compounds, Rats were fed on diets containing 0 (control), 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 or 1.00 % of tin dioxide, stannous orthophosphate, oxalate and sulphide, stannous sulphate, stannous oleate, and stannous tartrate of tin for periods of 4 weeks.- Principle of test:
The various tin compounds examined were fed to groups
of ten male and ten female rats at dietary levels of 0-0 (control), 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 and 1.00 %
for 28 days. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Haematological examinations
were made on all rats on day 27 using blood from the tip of the tail. Measurements
were made of haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and counts of erythrocytes
and leucocytes.
- Short description of test conditions: Animals and diets. Male and female weanling rats from the Institute's Wistar-derivedcolony were housed in groups of five in stainless steel cages with screen bottoms.
- Parameters analysed / observed:At autopsy the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen were weighed and samples of these organs were processed in the usual way for histological examination. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- publication
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tin dioxide
- EC Number:
- 242-159-0
- EC Name:
- Tin dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 18282-10-5
- Molecular formula:
- O2Sn
- IUPAC Name:
- tin(4+) dioxidandiide
- Details on test material:
- Stannic oxide (pure, E. Merk AG, Darmastad, Germany); in addition other tin compounds were also tested. They were as follows:
stannous orthophosphate, oxalate and sulphide (laboratory reagents, British Drug Houses Ltd., Poole, Dorset), stannous sulphate (Schuchardt AG, Munich, Germany), stannous oleate (K and K Labora- tories Inc., Plainview, N.Y.) and stannous tartrate (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.).
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: weanling rats from the Institutes Wistar-derived colony
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Male and female weanling rats from the Institute's Wistar-derived colony were housed in groups of five in stainless steel cages with screen bottoms. The diet used for both control and treated groups was the Institute's stock diet, with the following percentage composition: soyabean-oil meal, 10; fish meal, 8; meat scraps, 4; dried whey, 2; yellow maize, 29.05; wheat, 36; grass meal, 3; brewer's yeast, 3, complete B-vitamin mixture, 0.1; vitamin-ADEK preparation, 0.6; bone meal, 0.75; trace mineral salt, 0.5; soyabean oil, 3. This diet was found to contain calcium (0.98 %), phosphorus (0.80 %), iron (205 ppm), copper (23 ppm), manganese (85 ppm) and zinc (38 ppm). Test diets were prepared by blending the stock diet and the tin compouds in a Stephan cutter. Diets and tap water were provided ad lib.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on oral exposure:
- The various tin compounds examined were fed to groups of ten male and ten female rats at dietary levels of 0-0 (control), 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 and 1.00 % for 28 days.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Due to stability of these tin compounds, the analytical verification for these substances is unnecessary.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- Animals were dosed once each day at approximately the same time each day, seven days per week.
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0 other: %
- Remarks:
- Basis:nominal in diet
Control.
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.03 other: %
- Remarks:
- Basis: nominal in diet.
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.1 other: %
- Remarks:
- Basis: nominal in diet
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.3 other:
- Remarks:
- Basis:nominal in diet
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 other: %
- Remarks:
- Basis: nominal in diet
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 males and 10 famels
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Details on study design:
- The various tin compounds examined were fed to groups of ten male and ten female rats at dietary levels of 0-0 (control), 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 and 1.00 % for 28 days. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Haematological examinations were made on all rats on day 27 using blood from the tip of the tail. Measurements were made of haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and counts of erythrocytes and leucocytes. At autopsy the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen were weighed and samples of these organs were processed in the usual way for histological examination.
- Positive control:
- not required
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Haematological examinations were made on all rats on day 27 using blood from the tip of the tail. Measurements were made of haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and counts of erythrocytes and leucocytes. At autopsy the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen were weighed and samples of these organs were processed in the usual way for histological examination.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- At autopsy the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen were weighed and samples of these organs were processed in the usual way for histological examination.
- Other examinations:
- no data
- Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Rats fed stannic oxide, stannous sulphide and stannous oleate at dietary levels up to 1.0 % gained weight at a normal rate and showed no abnormalities in the haematological data examined, apart from a statistically significant increase in the haematocrit in male rats fed the highest level of stannous sulphide. The absolute and relative weights and the gross and microscopic appearance of the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen were not altered. There was no evidence of any deleterious effects of these tin compounds at dietary levels up to 7900 ppm tin.
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- no effects observed
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Immunological findings:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Neuropathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- Rats fed stannic oxide, stannous sulphide and stannous oleate at dietary levels up to 1.0 % gained weight at a normal rate and showed no abnormalities in the haematological data examined.
The absolute and relative weights and the gross and microscopic appearance of the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen were not altered.
Effect levels
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- dose level:
- Effect level:
- >= 7 900 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- clinical signs
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects
Target system / organ toxicity
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- no
- Lowest effective dose / conc.:
- 7 900 ppm
- Organ:
- blood
- heart
- kidney
- leucocyte development
- liver
Any other information on results incl. tables
The feeding of tin as orthophosphate, sulphate, oxalate and tartrate, however, resulted in considerable growth retardation and distinct indications of anaemia at dietary levels of 0.3 and 1.0 % in both sexes. The reduced gain in body weight was accompanied by a decrease in food intake, but food efficiency was also decreased, at least at the 1.0 % feeding level. The signs of anaemia included decreased haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values and erythrocyte counts. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)of the rats fed the highest level of the active tin compounds were generally slightly lower than in the corresponding controls. Although the differences were not considerable (less than 12 %) most of them were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The white blood cell counts showed the usual wide variation, both among individual rats and among the various groups, but there was no evidence that tin compounds affected the number of leucocytes.
None of the organs weighed (liver, kidneys, heart and spleen) was distinctly enlarged, except the livers of females ingesting tin orthophosphate, the relative weights of which showed a dose-related increase at 0.1% and above. Slightly decreased liver-to-body weight ratios occurred in groups exhibiting growth retardation.
At autopsy, signs of anaemia (pale eyes and viscera) were observed in animals fed the 1% dose level of tin chloride, tin oxalate or tin sulphate. In addition, rats fed on diets containing 1% tin chloride or 1% tin orthophosphate showed slightly distended small and large intestines.
Microscopic examination revealed distinct changes in the livers of males and females fed 1% of each of the various tin compounds found to be capable of inducing anaemia and growth retardation. The changes consisted of clearly homogeneous liver cell cytoplasm and a slight but definite oval cell type hyperplasia of bile ducts. Similar hepatic alterations, though of a lesser degree and frequency, were found in rats fed 0-3 % dietary levels of tin chloride, tin oxalate or tin orthophosphate. The histological appearance of the kidneys, heart and spleen was unremarkable in all cases.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- There was no evidence of any deleterious effects of tin dioxide at dietary levels up to 7900 ppm tin, corresponding to 510 mg/Kg calculated NOAEL. Calculation was made using standard food intake and body weight of rats.
- Executive summary:
There were marked differences in the toxicity of various oxides and salts of tin in rats when given by oral administration. In a study, groups of rats (Wistar; n=10/sex/group) were fed diets containing 0, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, or 1.00% of various tin salts or oxides for periods of 4 weeks for Tin (IV) dioxide, stannous orthophosphate, oxalate and sulphide, stannous sulphate, stannous oleate and stannous tartrate. Effects on behaviour, mortality, body weights, food consumption, blood, urine, biochemical parameters, and organ weights were examined; and gross microscopic examinations were performed. No adverse effects were noted at any dose of tin dioxides, as well as stannous sulphide and oleate. However, severe growth retardation, decreased food efficiency, slight anaemia, and slight histological changes in the liver were observed with 0.3% or more of orthophosphate, sulphate, oxalate, and tartrate.
Rats fed stannic oxide, stannous sulphide and stannous oleate at dietary levels up to 1.0 % gained weight at a normal rate and showed no abnormalities in the haematological data examined, apart from a statistically significant increase in the haematocrit in male rats fed the highest level of stannous sulphide. The absolute and relative weights and the gross and microscopic appearance of the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen were not altered.
There was no evidence of any deleterious effects of these tin compounds at dietary levels up to 7900 ppm tin.
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