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EC number: 234-733-4 | CAS number: 12028-48-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- imilar to OECD Test Guideline 417 Toxicokinetics-distribution with acceptable deviations.
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH: The hypothesis is that properties are likely to be similar or follow a similar pattern because of the presence of a common metal ion, in this case tungstate.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES):
Source: Sodium tungstate
Target: Ammonium metatungstate
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION: See Annex 3 in CSR
4. DATA MATRIX: See Annex 3 in CSR
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Disposition and Clearance of Tungsten after Single-dose Oral and Intravenous Exposure in Rodents
- Author:
- McDonald JD, Weber WM, Marr R, Kracko D, Khain H and Arimoto R
- Year:
- 2 007
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 70:829-836
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- distribution
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 417 (Toxicokinetics)
- Version / remarks:
- : distribution
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Disodium wolframate
- EC Number:
- 236-743-4
- EC Name:
- Disodium wolframate
- Cas Number:
- 13472-45-2
- Molecular formula:
- Na2O4W
- IUPAC Name:
- Disodium dioxido(dioxo)tungsten
- Details on test material:
- - Test substance: Sodium tungstate dihydrate
- Supplier: Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO)
- Purity: 99.9%
- The identity of the W component of tungstate was confirmed by measuring isotopic abundance by ICPMS.
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- - Body weight: 240 - 265 g
- Supplier: Hilltop Labs
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: purified water
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
- Oral dose formulations were prepared on the day of administration by dilution of sodium tungstate dihydrate in purified water; these doses were selected to provide sufficient dose separation for the dose-response analysis of the disposition after oral administration.
- The doses span two log dilutions, and are all well within the tolerable concentration limits for W in rodents. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- single gavage administration
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
- Oral doses were prepared and administered at 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg.
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- Four female rats were exposed per dose group. One animal per dose group was then sacrificed at each time point. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours.
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- COLLECTION OF SAMPLES:
- Animals were euthanized by an overdose of sodium pentobarbital administered by intraperitoneal injection.
- Plasma and tissues (intestine, liver, kidneys, femur, and uterus) were collected immediately after euthanasia (1, 2, 4 and 24 h after dosing).
- Plasma: blood was collected via cardiac puncture, placed in heparinized containers, and centrifuged at 2000 x g for 20 min.
- Tissues: liver, uterus, intestine (all three sections including contents), femur, and kidneys were harvested, weighed, placed in polypropylene containers, and stored at -70°C.
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS:
- Tungsten concentrations were determined with the use of low-resolution ICP/MS following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 200.8
- When tissues and plasma were analyzed, the instrument response was recorded in micrograms of W per sample (ug/ sample).
- The data were then divided by the tissue weight to give micrograms of W per gram of tissue (ug/g), which is how the data in the current study are reported.
- In the case of plasma, direct weights were not recorded.
- Whole blood weights were recorded, and the amount of plasma was conservatively assigned a value of 55% of the whole blood weight.
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- - As shown by comparisons of 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg oral doses and the 10 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg oral doses, W concentrations increased with dose but were not always proportional to dose.
- At 24 h, W was not completely eliminated at the mid and high doses but returned to baseline levels at the low dose.
- A statistically significant difference in the W concentrations in plasma compared with whole blood was not observed, indicating that the plasma profile is a good indicator of blood concentrations and that W partitions equally between red blood cells and plasma.
-the W concentration in each of the rat tissues, with few exceptions, increases at each time point to a maximum at 4 h before becoming greatly reduced at 24 h.
- Intestine and kidneys at the high dose and femur at the mid-dose have a lower W concentration at 2 than at 1 h, but the concentrations still rose at 4 h before decreasing at 24 h.
- The other exceptions are intestine at the low dose, which had the highest W concentration at 2 h, and liver at the low dose, which had a steadily decreasing concentration
Any other information on results incl. tables
No clinical abnormalities or gross tissue pathology were observed during tissue harvest from any of the studies.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- As shown by comparisons of 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg oral doses and the 10 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg oral doses, W concentrations increased with dose but were not always proportional to dose. At 24 h, W was not completely eliminated at the mid and high doses but returned to baseline levels at the low dose. A statistically significant difference in the W concentrations in plasma compared with whole blood was not observed, indicating that the plasma profile is a good indicator of blood concentrations and that W partitions equally between red blood cells and plasma. The W concentration in each of the rat tissues, with few exceptions, increases at each time point to a maximum at 4 h before becoming greatly reduced at 24 h. Intestine and kidneys at the high dose and femur at the mid-dose have a lower W concentration at 2 than at 1 h, but the concentrations still rose at 4 h before decreasing at 24 h. The other exceptions are intestine at the low dose, which had the highest W concentration at 2 h, and liver at the low dose, which had a steadily decreasing concentration
- Executive summary:
No toxicokinetics data of sufficient quality were available specifically on ammonium metatungstate (target substance). However, toxicokinetics data are available for Sodium tungstate (source substance), which are used for read-across. Due to similar water solubility for the target substance compared to the source substance, the resulting read-across from the source substance to the target substance is appropriate to estimate of potential toxicity for this endpoint. For more details, refer to the read-across category approach description in the Category section of this IUCLID submission or Annex 3 of the CSR.
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