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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 248-471-3 | CAS number: 27458-94-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biochemical toxicology of environmental agents.
- Author:
- DeBruin, A.
- Year:
- 1 976
- Bibliographic source:
- Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Fourth Edition
- Author:
- Lington AW, Bevan C.
- Year:
- 1 994
- Bibliographic source:
- John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Chapter Thirty, “Alcohols,” pp. 2585-2710.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Aldehydes: occurrence, carcinogenic potential, mechanism of action and risk assessment.
- Author:
- Feron, V.J., Til, H.P., de Vrijer, F., Woutersen, R.A., Cassee, F.R., van Bladeren, P.J.,
- Year:
- 1 991
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research. 259, 363-385.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biotransformation of Xenobiotics. In: Klaassen, C.D. (Ed.). Casarret and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. 5th Ed.
- Author:
- Parkinson A.
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- 5th Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp.113-186.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Physiological mech. involved in hangover. I. Oxid. of some lower aliph. fusel alcohols and aldehydes in rat liver and their effect on the mitochondrial oxid. of var. substrates.
- Author:
- Hedlund, S.G., Kiessling, K.H
- Year:
- 1 969
- Bibliographic source:
- Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 27, 381-396.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The metabolism of 2-ethylhexanol in rats
- Author:
- Albro PW.
- Year:
- 1 975
- Bibliographic source:
- Xenobiotica 5, 625-636
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase: partial purification and properties
- Author:
- Blair, A.H., Bodley, F.H.
- Year:
- 1 969
- Bibliographic source:
- Can. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 47, 265-272.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Purification and properties of a membrane-sound aldehyde dehydrogenase from rat liver microsomes.
- Author:
- Nakayasu H., Mihara, K and Sato, R.
- Year:
- 1 978
- Bibliographic source:
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 83(2), 697-703.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Metabolism of citral, an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, in male F344 rats.
- Author:
- Diliberto J.J., Srinivas P., Overstreet D., Usha G., Burka L.T. and Birnbaum L.S.
- Year:
- 1 990
- Bibliographic source:
- Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 18, No. 6 866-875.
Materials and methods
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- linear and branched alcohols
- IUPAC Name:
- linear and branched alcohols
- Details on test material:
- The materials being descibed are linear and branched alcohols.
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Orally administered aliphatic alcohols show a chain-length dependant potential for gastro-intestinal absorption, with shorter chain aliphatic alcohols having a higher absorption potential than longer chain alcohols.
With regards to the blood-brain barrier, a chain-length dependant absorption potential exists with the lower aliphatic alcohols and acids more readily being taken up than aliphatic alcohols/acids of longer chain-length. Taking into account the efficient biotransformation of the alcohols and the physico-chemical properties of the corresponding carboxylic acids, the potential for elimination into breast milk is considered to be low.
Based on comparative in vitro skin permeation data and dermal absorption studies in hairless mice, aliphatic alcohols show an inverse relationship between absorption potential and chain length with the shorter chain alcohols having a significant absorption potential.
A comparison of the linear and branched aliphatic alcohols shows a high degree of similarity in biotransformation. The initial step in the mammalian metabolism of primary alcohols is the oxidation to the corresponding carboxylic acid, with the corresponding aldehyde being a transient intermediate. These carboxylic acids are susceptible to further degradation via acyl-CoA intermediates by the mitochondrial b-oxidation process. This mechanism removes C2 units in a stepwise process and linear acids are more efficient in this process than the corresponding branched acids. In the case of unsaturated carboxylic acids, cleavage of C2-units continues until a double bond is reached. Since double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids are in the cis-configuration, whereas the unsaturated acyl-CoA intermediates in the b-oxidation cycle are trans, an auxiliary enzyme, enoyl-CoA isomerase catalyses the shift from cis to trans. Thereafter, b-oxidation continues as with saturated carboxylic acids. An alternative metabolic pathway for aliphatic acids exists through microsomal degradation via w-or w–1 oxidation followed by β-oxidation. This mechanism provides an efficient stepwise chain-shortening pathway for branched aliphatic acids.
The acids formed from the longer chained aliphatic alcohols can also enter the lipid biosynthesis and may be incorporated in phospholipids and neutral lipids. A small fraction of the aliphatic alcohols may be eliminated unchanged or as the glucuronide conjugate.
The long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids are efficiently eliminated and aliphatic alcohols are therefore not expected to have a tissue retention or bioaccumulation potential. Longer chained aliphatic alcohols within this category may enter common lipid biosynthesis pathways and will be indistinguishable from the lipids derived from other sources (including dietary glycerides).
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