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EC number: 208-704-1 | CAS number: 538-75-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 992
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- EC Number:
- 208-704-1
- EC Name:
- Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- Cas Number:
- 538-75-0
- Molecular formula:
- C13H22N2
- IUPAC Name:
- N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - purity: 99.7%
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Crj: CD(SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Co., Ltd. Japan
- Age at study initiation: 5-6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 154-171 (male) - 112-132 (female)
- Fasting period before study: from the day before administration to 3 hours after administration.
- Housing: five animals per cage (same sex)
- Diet: Lab Animals Chow E1 (MF Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) ad libitum.
- Water: Tap water filtered through a 5 µm filter, ad libitum. (water quality inspections performed regularly)
- Acclimation period: 6-7 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-25ºC
- Humidity (%): 40-70%
- Air changes (per hr): 12 changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light/12 hours dark
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- olive oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- VEHICLE: The vehicle and dose selection was based on the results of a preliminary test.
MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 5 mL/kg - Doses:
- 500 (only females), 700, 1000, 1400 and 2000 mg/kg.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 male/ 5 female per group
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Observations of clinical signs and mortality were performed 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 hours after administration on the day of administration, and once a day thereafter (up to 14 days). Body weights were recorded on days 0, 7 and 14.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, histopathology
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 110 other: mg/kg
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- 95% CL:
- >= 832 - <= 1 480
- Key result
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 110 other: mg/kg
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- 95% CL:
- >= 877 - <= 1 404
- Mortality:
- 60% of males and females died at concentrations of 1000 and 1400 mg/kg. At 2000 mg/kg, 60% of males and 100% of females died.
- Clinical signs:
- other: The following clinical signs were observed in both sexes. These signs were increasing in the first eight hours but the survivors recovered completely: decrease of locomotor activity was seen at 1000 mg/kg and above; hypopnoea was detected at 1400 mg/kg an
- Gross pathology:
- Stomach lesions such as focal thickening of the stomach mucosa, adhesion of the stomach and other abdmoninal organs or ulcer were observed from 700 mg/kg in males and from 500 mg/kg in females at necropsy of the animals after the observation period.
In the dead animal's autopsy, the following observations were made: in the heart, there was atrial stretching; at pulmonary level, congestion, edema and/or bleeding, and endotracheal mucus retention were observed; at stomach level, hemorrhage, stomach erosion, ulcer, distension; bleeding, congestion and/or dilatation of the small intestine were observed and finally, yellowing whitening of the liver.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Cumulative mortality/No. of test animals
Sex |
Dose |
|
Time after administration |
Days after administration |
Mortality rate |
||||||||||
|
mg/kg |
15m |
30m |
1h |
2h |
4h |
6h |
7h |
8h |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4… |
14 |
(%) |
male |
700 |
0/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0/5 |
0 |
1000 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2/5 |
3/5 |
|
|
3/5 |
60 |
|
1400 |
0/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2/5 |
3/5 |
|
|
3/5 |
60 |
|
2000 |
0/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
1/5 |
|
3/5 |
|
|
|
3/5 |
60 |
|
female |
500 |
0/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0/5 |
0 |
700 |
0/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0/5 |
0 |
|
1000 |
0/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2/5 |
3/5 |
|
|
3/5 |
60 |
|
1400 |
0/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3/5 |
|
|
|
3/5 |
60 |
|
2000 |
0/5 |
|
|
3/5 |
|
|
|
|
5/5 |
|
|
|
5/5 |
100 |
*m: minutes, h: hour(s), d: days.
Mean body weight
Sex |
Dose mg/kg |
|
Days after administration |
||
0 |
7 |
14 |
|||
male |
700 |
Mean Number |
162 3.6 5 |
213 4.2 5 |
280 10.4 5 |
1000 |
Mean Number |
163 6.5 5 |
210 31.8 2 |
282 26.2 2 |
|
1400 |
Mean Number |
163 1.3 5 |
204 0.7 2 |
265 9.2 2 |
|
2000 |
Mean Number |
163 5.8 5 |
189 14.8 2 |
266 15.6 2 |
|
female |
500 |
Mean Number |
120 4.7 5 |
160 8.6 5 |
187 14.7 5 |
700 |
Mean Number |
120 6.6 5 |
157 10.2 5 |
181 13.0 5 |
|
1000 |
Mean Number |
119 4.3 5 |
150 5.7 2 |
170 6.4 2 |
|
1400 |
Mean Number |
122 6.9 5 |
156 19.1 2 |
188 17.7 2 |
|
2000 |
Mean Number |
126 4.7 5 |
AD |
|
*units: g; AD: all animals were dead.
Clinical signs (male): No. of animals with findings / No. of surviving animals
Dose (mg/kg) |
Clinical signs |
Time after administration |
||||||||
15 m |
30 m |
1h |
2h |
4h |
6h |
7h |
8h |
|||
700 |
Loose stool |
|
|
|
|
2/5 |
|
|
|
|
Normal |
|
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
3/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
|
1000 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
1/5 |
1/4 |
2/4 |
|
4/4 |
4/4 |
4/4 |
4/4 |
Hypopnoea |
|
1/5 |
1/4 |
2/4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salivation |
+ |
4/5 |
3/4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loose stool |
|
|
|
1/4 |
1/4 |
1/4 |
|
1/4 |
1/4 |
|
Normal |
|
1/5 |
1/4 |
0/4 |
3/4 |
0/4 |
0/4 |
0/4 |
0/4 |
|
1400 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
|
4/5 |
3/5 |
1/5 |
4/5 |
4/5 |
3/5 |
3/5 |
++ |
|
1/5 |
|
|
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
|
||
+++ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/5 |
1/5 |
||
Hypopnoea |
|
|
3/5 |
1/5 |
|
1/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
1/5 |
|
Salivation |
+ |
2/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loose stool |
|
|
|
2/5 |
3/5 |
2/5 |
|
1/5 |
2/5 |
|
Tiptoe gait |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/5 |
|
|
|
Crouching |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/5 |
|
|
Prone position |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/5 |
|
Normal |
|
3/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
2/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
2000 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
|
3/5 |
5/5 |
2/5 |
3/5 |
3/5 |
2/4 |
¾ |
++ |
|
|
|
1/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
1/4 |
|
||
+++ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/4 |
1/4 |
||
Hypopnoea |
|
|
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/4 |
1/4 |
|
Salivation |
+ |
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loose stool |
|
|
|
1/5 |
3/5 |
3/5 |
|
3/4 |
3/4 |
|
Crouching |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/4 |
1/4 |
|
Normal |
|
4/5 |
1/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/4 |
0/4 |
*m: minutes, h: hour(s), d: days; +: slight, ++: moderate; +++: severe.
Clinical signs (male):No. of animals with findings / No. of surviving animals
Dose (mg/kg) |
Clinical signs |
Days after administration |
|||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
-14d |
|||
Normal |
|
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
- 5/5 |
|
1000 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
2/3 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
|
|
1/2 |
1/2 |
|
|
|
-- |
1/3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Hypopnoea |
|
2/3 |
|
|
|
|
|
1/2 |
1/2 |
|
|
|
|
Soiled perineal region |
|
1/3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
|
0/3 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
- 2/2 |
|
1400 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
2/3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
++ |
1/3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Hypopnoea |
|
1/3 |
|
½ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
|
0/3 |
2/2 |
½ |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
- 2/2 |
|
2000 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Hypopnoea |
|
|
1/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soiled perineal region |
|
2/2 |
2/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abdominal distention |
|
|
2/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
|
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
- 2/2 |
*m: minutes, h: hour(s), d: days; +: slight, ++: moderate; +++: severe.
Clinical signs (female): No. of animals with findings / No. of surviving animals
Dose (mg/kg) |
Clinical signs |
Time after administration |
||||||||
15 m |
30 m |
1h |
2h |
4h |
6h |
7h |
8h |
|||
500 |
Normal |
|
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
3/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
700 |
Loose stool |
|
|
|
|
2/5 |
3/5 |
|
|
|
Normal |
|
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
3/5 |
2/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
|
1000 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
2/5 |
4/5 |
|
1/5 |
3/5 |
4/5 |
4/5 |
3/5 |
++ |
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
1/5 |
||
Hypopnoea |
|
|
|
|
1/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
Irrgular respiration |
|
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salivation |
+ |
2/5 |
1/5 |
|
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
++ |
|
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Crouching |
|
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
|
2/5 |
0/5 |
4/5 |
4/5 |
2/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
1400 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
|
|
1/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
++ |
2/5 |
3/5 |
|
|
1/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
||
Hypopnoea |
|
|
2/5 |
|
|
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
|
Salivation |
+ |
1/5 |
3/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crouching |
|
2/5 |
2/5 |
|
|
|
1/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
Normal |
|
3/5 |
1/5 |
4/5 |
3/5 |
2/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
|
2000 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
2/5 |
2/5 |
2/5 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
++ |
1/5 |
2/5 |
|
1/2 |
|
|
1/2 |
1/2 |
||
+++ |
|
1/5 |
2/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Hypopnoea |
|
4/5 |
4/5 |
3/5 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
1/2 |
|
Gasping |
|
|
|
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salivation |
+ |
4/5 |
4/5 |
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tiptoe gait |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/2 |
|
Crouching |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/2 |
|
Prone position |
|
|
1/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loose stool |
|
|
|
|
1/2 |
1/2 |
|
|
1/2 |
|
Normal |
|
1/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
*m: minutes, h: hour(s), d: days; +: slight, ++: moderate; +++: severe.
Clinical signs (female): No. of animals with findings / No. of surviving animals
Dose (mg/kg) |
Clinical signs |
Days after administration |
|||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
-14d |
|||
500 |
Normal |
|
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
- 5/5 |
700 |
Normal |
|
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
- 5/5 |
1000 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
2/3 |
1/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
++ |
1/3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Hypopnoea |
|
2/3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
|
0/3 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
- 2/2 |
|
1400 |
Decrease of locomotor activity |
+ |
2/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
|
|
|
Hypopnoea |
|
2/2 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tiptoe gait |
|
1/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
|
0/2 |
1/2 |
0/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
1/2 |
|
2000 |
- |
|
AD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*m: minutes, h: hour(s), d: days; +: slight, ++: moderate; +++: severe; AD: all animals were dead.
Autopsy findings (male):No. of animals with findings / No. of animals examined
|
Organ |
findings |
Dose (mg/kg) |
|||
700 |
1000 |
1400 |
2000 |
|||
Dead animals |
Heart |
Dilatation of atrium |
- |
1/3 |
0/3 |
3/3 |
Lung |
Congestion/edema |
- |
1/3 |
0/3 |
2/3 |
|
Trachea |
Mucus stagnation |
- |
1/3 |
0/3 |
0/3 |
|
Stomach |
Focal hemorrhage (glandular area) |
- |
1/3 |
1/3 |
2/3 |
|
Erosion/ulcer (glandular area) |
- |
2/3 |
2/3 |
1/3 |
||
dilatation |
- |
1/3 |
2/3 |
1/3 |
||
Small intestine |
Focal hemorrhage |
- |
1/3 |
0/3 |
0/3 |
|
Congestion |
- |
1/3 |
0/3 |
0/3 |
||
Dilatation |
- |
1/3 |
0/3 |
0/3 |
||
Liver |
Yellowish change / whitish dot |
- |
1/3 |
1/3 |
0/3 |
|
Urinary bladder |
Dark-red urine |
- |
1/3 |
0/3 |
0/3 |
|
Normal |
|
- |
0/3 |
0/3 |
0/3 |
|
Surviving animals |
Stomach |
Focal thickening of mucosa (non-glandular area) |
5/5 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
Adhesion (stomach and other abdominal organs) |
4/5 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
||
Kidney |
Dilatation of the renal pelvis |
0/5 |
1/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
|
Normal |
|
0/5 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
*m: minutes, h: hour(s), d: days; +: slight, ++: moderate; +++: severe; AD: all animals were dead.
Autopsy findings (female):No. of animals with findings / No. of animals examined
|
Organ |
findings |
|
Dose (mg/kg) |
|||
500 |
700 |
1000 |
1400 |
2000 |
|||
Dead animals |
Heart |
Dilatation of atrium |
- |
- |
0/3 |
1/3 |
3/5 |
Lung |
Focal hemorrhage |
- |
- |
0/3 |
0/3 |
1/5 |
|
Trachea |
Mucus stagnation |
- |
- |
0/3 |
0/3 |
1/5 |
|
Stomach |
Focal hemorrhage (glandular area) |
- |
- |
2/3 |
1/3 |
3/5 |
|
Focal hemorrhage (non- glandular area) |
- |
- |
1/3 |
0/3 |
0/5 |
||
Erosion/ulcer (glandular area) |
- |
- |
0/3 |
3/3 |
1/5 |
||
dilatation |
- |
- |
1/3 |
1/3 |
1/5 |
||
Small intestine |
Congestion |
- |
- |
1/3 |
2/3 |
0/5 |
|
Dilatation |
- |
- |
0/3 |
0/3 |
1/5 |
||
Liver |
Yellowish change / whitish dot |
- |
- |
1/3 |
1/3 |
1/5 |
|
Normal |
|
- |
- |
0/3 |
0/3 |
0/5 |
|
Surviving animals |
Stomach |
Focal thickening of mucosa (non-glandular area) |
5/5 |
5/5 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
- |
Adhesion (stomach and other abdominal organs) |
4/5 |
4/5 |
2/2 |
2/2 |
- |
||
Kidney |
Dilatation of the renal pelvis |
0/5 |
1/5 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
- |
|
Normal |
|
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/2 |
0/2 |
- |
*m: minutes, h: hour(s), d: days; +: slight, ++: moderate; +++: severe; AD: all animals were dead.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Remarks:
- EU criteria.
- Conclusions:
- The LD50 for the test substance in the Acute Oral Toxicity test was found to be 1110 mg/kg bw for both sexes.
- Executive summary:
The Acute Oral Toxicity Test was performed according to OECD Guideline 401 (GLP Study). Four concentrations of the test substance were assayed in five males (700, 1000, 1400 and 2000 mg/kg) and five in females (500, 700, 1000, 1400 and 2000 mg/kg) in a single dose toxicity test in Crj:CD (SD) rats; 5 male and 5 female per group. All animals were subject to daily observations and weekly determinations of body weight. Necropsy was performed on the day of their death or after sacrifice, at the end of the observation period. 60% of males and females died at concentrations of 1000 and 1400 mg/kg. At 2000 mg/kg, 60% of males and 100% of females died. Decreased locomotor activity was seen at 1000 mg/kg and above; hypopnoea and loose stool were detected at 1400 mg/kg and above. These signs increased in the first eight hours but survivors recovered completely. The body weight gain was lower in the 2000 mg/kg male group (females died) and in 1400 mg/kg group in both sexes. Autopsies showed stomach lesions at all doses tested. The LD50 for the test item in rats was found to be 1110 mg/kg bw for both sexes.
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