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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 271-904-2 | CAS number: 68611-70-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: High quality large scale field study, extensively described.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Use of field data to support European water framework directive quality standards for dissolved metals
- Author:
- Crane M, Kwok KWH, Wells C, Whitehouse P and Lui GCS.
- Year:
- 2 007
- Bibliographic source:
- Environm. Science and technology 41,5014-5021
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Spatially matched measurements of benthic macroinvertebrate family richness and measured dissolved metal concentrations were compared over two sampling periods spanning all regions from England and Wales.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Zinc
- EC Number:
- 231-175-3
- EC Name:
- Zinc
- Cas Number:
- 7440-66-6
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc
- Details on test material:
- results expressed as dissolved Zn++ concentrations.
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- dissolved concentrations were mean values for the 3 months before macroinvertebrate samples were taken, based on monthly sampling (n=3). if dissolved concentration was below detection limit, half the detection limit was taken as concentration.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- field data on environmental waters
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: macroinvertebrate communities and families of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera were assessed.
- Details on test organisms:
- In addition to the EQI, on benthic macroinvertebrate communities, also families of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera were assessed, as these families of aquatic insects are known to be sensitive to metal toxicity.
Study design
- Test type:
- other: field study with benthic macroinvertebrates and insects
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- varying, UK waters
- Test temperature:
- ambient field temperature
- pH:
- varying, UK waters
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ambient.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- measured dissolved concentrations were used in the analysis
- Details on test conditions:
- field study
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 20 - < 27 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: benthic macroinvertebrate structure and insect family richness
- Remarks on result:
- other: values given are the 95% confidence intervals calculated on the toxicity threshold values
- Details on results:
- data were plotted as log dissolved metal concentrations against biological effects metrics to determine effect thresholds of the EQI scores, number of Ephemeroptera families, Plecoptera and Trichopetra families.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Effect thresholds were determined by using 2 statistical approaches:
-quantile regression: the concentration at which quantiles were significantly decreasing with 10% was used to define the threshold;
-piecewise ("broken stick") regression: two lines are used to describe the data, joining at a breakpoint, which is considered the toxicity threshold. lines are described using least squares analysis, the breakpoint is at the concentration where the sum of squared errors was at minimum.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Highly relevant field study very useful to check the protection level provided by the HC5 following from statistical extrapolation of single species test data.
- Executive summary:
Measured dissolved zinc concentrations in UK waters were compared with benthic macroinvertebrate communities and family richnness of several taxonomic groups of water insects. The extensive analysis comprised data from 291 sampling sites, and 448 samples.The field data demonstrate that the water quality standards for zinc, expressed as dissolved metal, should be set in the range between 20 and 27 µg /l. This study is highly relevant to check the protective power of the statistically derived HC5, used for PNEC setting. The results confirm that the HC5 following from the single species tests is protective for the ecosystem as a whole.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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