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EC number: 701-373-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- July 30, 2012 to december 7, 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, December 14, 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control according to the schedule below. The method of analysis is described in the appended Analytical Report
Frequency: at t=0 h and t=48 h
Volume: 2 ml from the approximate centre of the test vessels
Storage: Samples were stored in a freezer until analysis.
At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
Additionally, reserve samples of 2 ml were taken for possible analysis. If not used, these samples are stored in a freezer for a maximum of three months after delivery of the draft report, pending on the decision of the sponsor for additional analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The batch of RD04/201 tested was a clear colourless viscous liquid and was not completely soluble in test medium at the loading rates prepared. Weighing of test substance and preparation of test concentrations was performed under dimmed light.
All test solutions were prepared separately and started with loading rates ranging from 1.0 to 100 mg/l in test medium with a temperature of 60°C. Two days of magnetic stirring at room temperature was applied to reach maximum solubility of the test substance in the test medium. The resulting aqueous mixtures were left to stabilize for 2-2.5 hours where after the, generally, clear and colourless WAFs were siphoned off and used for testing. Note that the WAFs prepared at 56 and 100 mg/l for final test 2 were observed to be increasingly hazy. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) (Straus, 1820)
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history.
- Age at study initiation: < 24 hours
- Method of breeding: With newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 10 litres of medium in an all-glass culture vessel.
- Feeding during test: No - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 180 mg/l expressed as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- Between 18.7 and 19.4 °C
- pH:
- between 7.8 and 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- between 8.1 and 9.0 mg/l O2
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: WAFs prepared at loading rates of 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/l
Measured concentrations: Actual test concentrations were based on the major component of the test substance. Analysis of the samples taken at the start of the test showed measured concentrations of 1.1, 2.2, 3.4, 3.0, 2.8, 3.1 and 44 mg/l in the WAFs prepared at 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/l. These concentrations remained stable during the test period (87-91% of initial) except for the highest concentration that decreased to 64% of initial at the end of the test. For the determination of the effect parameters, average exposure concentrations were calculated and used in ascending order, i.e. 1.1, 2.1, 2.7, 2.9, 3.2 and 35 mg/l. - Details on test conditions:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 100 ml, normal headspace, 80 ml
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4 for the highest concentration and 2 for the lower concentrations
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Adjusted ISO medium: the following chemicals (analytical grade) are dissolved in tap water purified by Reverse Osmosis (RO-water, GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-Enschot, The Netherlands):
Macro salts:
CaCl2.2H2O : 211.5 mg/l
MgSO4.7H2O: 88.8 mg/l
NaHCO3 : 46.7 mg/l
KCl : 4.2 mg/l
The hardness: 180 mg/l expressed as CaCO3 and the pH: 7.7 ± 0.3 after aeration.
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes, for culturing M7 medium is used
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : EC50 t=24 and 48 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.2
- Test concentrations: control and WAFs prepared at loading rates of 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/l - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7,)
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval 2.6 - 3.4 mg/l
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval 1.4 - 1.9 mg/l
- Details on results:
- Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Immobility of control: no immobility was observed.
- Other adverse effects control: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The actual responses in this reference test with K2Cr2O7 were in the lower range of the expected historical responses at the different concentrations, i.e. a 48h-EC50 between 0.3 and 1.0 mg/l. Hence, the sensitivity of this batch of D. magna was in agreement with the historical data collected at WIL Research Europe.
The 24h-EC50 was 0.66 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval between 0.59 and 0.77 mg/l.
The 48h-EC50 was 0.38 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval between 0.34 and 0.45 mg/l. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50-value was calculated at 24 and 48 hours of exposure from the probits of the percentages of affected daphnids and the logarithms of the corresponding test substance concentrations using the maximum likelihood estimation method (Finney, D.J., 1971: Probit analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 3rd edition).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study RD04/201 induced acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna at average exposure concentrations of 1.1 mg/L and higher.
The 48h-EC50 was 1.7 mg/L (95% confidence interval between 1.4 and 1.9 mg/L). - Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity to daphnia according to OECD Guideline 202, EU method C.2 and ISO Method 6341, under GLP principles. Daphnia manga was tested under static conditions for 48 h. Owing to the poor water solubility of the test substance, all test solutions were prepared as water accomodated fractions (WAFs). The test solutions were prepared with loading rates ranging from 1.0 to 100 mg/L in test medium assisted by magnetic stirring and left to stabilize and used for testing. Twenty daphnids per concentration (four replicates, five daphnids per concentration) were exposed to WAFs prepared at loading rates of 0, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L. The total test period was 48 hours and samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken at the start and the end of the test. Actual test concentrations were based on the major components of the test substance. These concentrations remained stable during the test period (87-91% of initial) except for the highest concentration that decreased to 64% of initial at the end of the test. For the determination of the effect parameters average exposure concentrations were calculated. The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the protocol and was considered valid. The test substance induced acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna at average exposure concentrations of 1.1 mg/l and higher. Under the study conditions, the 48 h EC50 of the test substance was determined to be 1.7 mg/L (Bouwman, 2013).
Reference
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1.7 mg/L
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity to daphnia according to OECD Guideline 202, EU method C.2 and ISO Method 6341, under GLP principles. Daphnia manga was tested under static conditions for 48 h. Owing to the poor water solubility of the test substance, all test solutions were prepared as water accomodated fractions (WAFs). The test solutions were prepared with loading rates ranging from 1.0 to 100 mg/L in test medium assisted by magnetic stirring and left to stabilize and used for testing. Twenty daphnids per concentration (four replicates, five daphnids per concentration) were exposed to WAFs prepared at loading rates of 0, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L. The total test period was 48 hours and samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken at the start and the end of the test. Actual test concentrations were based on the major components of the test substance. These concentrations remained stable during the test period (87-91% of initial) except for the highest concentration that decreased to 64% of initial at the end of the test. For the determination of the effect parameters average exposure concentrations were calculated. The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the protocol and was considered valid. The test substance induced acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna at average exposure concentrations of 1.1 mg/l and higher. Under the study conditions, the 48 h EC50 of the test substance was determined to be 1.7 mg/L (Bouwman, 2013).
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