Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 233-038-3 | CAS number: 10025-73-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Only very limited information is available on sole chromium(III) exposure. Much literature is available to chromium(VI) exposure but there are only very view reports on chromium exposure that can reasonably be considered being primarily or exclusively chromium(III) exposure. One of them performed in ferro-alloy industry showed that no renal impairment was seen amongst all workers exposed.
Two studies investigating skin sensitisation behaviour in human patch tests showed, that chromium(III) did cause only low skin effects in chromium(VI) sensitised humans which is explained by the very poor skin penetration ability of chromium(III) compounds.
Additional information
Workers in a ferro-chromium metallurgy plant with 236 workers have been observed for chromium(III) absorption. The levels of absorption were very low, especially if compared with those observed in chromium electro-plating, special steel welding and chromate production (T. Norseth, The carcinogeniticy of chromium, Environ. Health Persp., 40 (1981) p. 121) where exposure is to hexavalent chromium. The values found in this study even appear not to be very different from those observed by other authors in non-occupationally exposed subjects.
Nevertheless, the absorption levels varied according to the job, thus agreeing with the environmental pollution data. If a measurable exposure to hexavalent chromium can be excluded on the basis of these environmental data (further checks are under way), it must be assumed that total urinary chromium is derived exclusively from absorption of chromium originally in the trivalent state.
It would, therefore, appear that this form of chromium, too, can be absorbed, as reported by other authors. The low levels of urinary chromium observed at the end of the shift indicate a low renal clearance of chromium and, therefore, little or practically no accumulation, in spite of long-term exposure. The observations are confirmed by the fact that no early functional renal damage was found, in spite of the reliability and sensitivity of the indicators used.
In the working conditions under this study, not even initial renal impairment could be observed. The study of other possible health effects (skin effects or effects of respiratory and digestive systems) and of a possible excess of cancer would furnish further data which may help to throw light on these points.
Samitz et al. have investigated in human patch tests, whether subjects sensitized to hexavalent chromium would also react to trivalent chromium, when exposed via skin. Four out of five subjects showed no reaction whereas one subject showed mild reactions at 5% CrCl3 solution exposure and equivocal reactions at 0.5% CrCl3 solution. In contrast, exposure to potassium dichromate showed strong reactions in the subjects. In investigating stripped skin (removal of skin barrier) 2 subjects showed strong reactions to 5% CrCl3 solution. Thus, it was concluded that the relative inefficacy of trivalent chromium compounds as elicitors may be due to their poor skin penetrating capacities.
Similar observations were made by Hansen et al. reporting that chromate sensitised persons may have allergic reactions not only to chromium(VI) upon exposure to skin but also to chromium(III) compounds, although to a lesser degree (i.e. higher chromium concentrations required for chromium(III)).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.