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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 3 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 400 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 3 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 620 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 3 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 620 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- other: body weight, total protein, GOT activity
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC16
- Effect conc.:
- >= 320 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: The 16 % reproductive-impairment concentration is given since it represented a minimal reproducible value below which the variability in reproduction could not be detected from controls. Therefore considered to be equivalent to EC10.
- Details on results:
- No data
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Evaluation of concentration-response curve by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949).
For reproductive both the 50 and 16 % reproduction-impairment concentrations are given. The 16 % reproductive-impairment concentration is given since it represented a minimal reproducible value below which the variability in reproduction could not be detected from controls. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- non-guideline study, but scientifically solid result published in peer-reviewed article
- Conclusions:
- Long-term (3 weeks) toxicity (LC50) of aluminium ions to Daphnia magna was determined to be ca. 1.4 mg/L, and EC16 (reproductive impairment, considered to be equivalent to the EC10) was determined to be ca. 320 µg/L.
- Executive summary:
The 21-day-chronic toxicity of aluminium to Daphnia magna was studied under static conditions. Daphnids were exposed to control and test chemical at nominal concentrations not reported in detail. The 21-day LC50 based on mortality effect was 1400 µg/L. The 21-day EC10 based on sublethal effects was 320 µg/L. The sublethal effects included were impairment of reproduction, weight decrease, effect on protein content, effect on glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT). Production of offspring in the treated groups indicated that aluminium had an effect on the reproduction at concentrations greater than 320 µg/L. The most sensitive end point was reproduction.
This study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for a chronic toxicity study with freshwater invertebrates.
Results synopsis
Test organism age: 12 ± 12 h at test initiation
Test type: Static
EC10: 320 µg/L (in fact EC16, which provided the lowest reproducible value distinguishable from the controls, thus equivalent to EC10)
Endpoint effected: Reproduction
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
Reference
The test revelaed that at concentrations >= 620 µg/L the weight per animal was reduced by 38 %, protein content was increased by 3 %, and GOT activity was reduced by 13 % compared to the control group.
Description of key information
The toxicity of "Neutralisation and reduction products of bauxite residue from refinement process" to aquatic invertebrates is based on the released aluminium ions in the transformation/dissolution test. The 21-d EC10 of 320 µg Al/L for reproduction in Daphnia magna is forwarded to the hazard assessment as the relevant endpoint.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect concentration:
- 320 µg/L
Additional information
Toxicity of "Neutralisation and reduction products of bauxite residue from refinement process" to aquatic invertebrates can be elicited by aluminium ions released from the material during dissolution. Studies investigating the toxicity of Aluminium to invertebrates were retrieved from the public domain. The 21-day EC16 (minimal reproducible value, thus equivalent to EC10) of aluminium ions in Daphnia magna was determined to be 320 µg/L (Biesinger and Christensen, 1972).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.