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EC number: 860-352-3 | CAS number: 1610350-91-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-04-28 to 2010-06-01
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted July 17, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- May 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Aerobic activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The aerobic activated sludge used for this study was deposited for 15 min, washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in test water and centrifuged again. This procedure was done three times. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 3.5 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water and aerated. This suspension was used the same day for the experiment. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 102.3 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 101.8 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Remarks:
- NH4
- Initial conc.:
- 123.3 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Remarks:
- NO3
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Reconstituted Test Water
- Test temperature: 22°C ± 1°C
- pH: 7.1 (test item flask, measured at the start of the test), the test item flasks and the abiotic control were adjusted to pH 7.3 with NaOH solution. 7.4 (control, procedure control), measured at the start of the test) 7.2 to 7.6 (measured at the end of the test)
- pH adjusted: yes
- Aeration of dilution water: no
- Continuous darkness: no
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Manometric Test System with test flasks containing a volume of approximately 500 mL
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: BSB/BOD Sensor-System
- Test performed in closed vessels: The test flasks were closed gas-tight by a measuring head
- Test performed in open system: no
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: every day of the exposure period
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 2
- Abiotic sterile control: 1
- Toxicity control: 1 - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 106
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on ThODNH4
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 87
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on the consideration of Nitrification (ThODNO3) in the evaluation of the results.
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item was sufficiently degraded to 79% after 14 days and to 80% after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions according to OECD 301 F, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4 and ThODNO3.
- Executive summary:
The ready Biodegradability of the test item in a Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 F and Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 Method C.4-D under GLP was determined with aerobic activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant for 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the micro-organisms during exposure. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. Degradation rate of test item calculated by the oxygen consumption of the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms after 28 days of incubation. The test item was tested at a concentration of 102.3 mg/L in duplicate, corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 101.8 mg/L (ThODNH4) and 123.3 mg/L (ThODNO3) while the reference item was tested at a concentration of 102.9 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 171.4 mg/L (ThODNH4). The oxygen concentration was measured using a BSB/BOD-Sensor-System and the test flasks were closed gas-tight by a measuring head. Since nitrogen is part of the molecular structure of the test item, the evaluation of biodegradation is based on ThODNH4 and ThODNO3. The validity criterion was fulfilled. The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 79 % after 14 days and to 80 % after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 91 % (ThODNH4) biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 97 % (ThODNH4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation (84 % and 90 % based on ThODNO3). According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was > 25% within 14 days. The mean biodegradation of 10% or more of the test item was reached at day 4 (ThODNH4, ThODNO3). At the end of the 10-day window at day 14, the mean degradation of the test item was 91 % (ThODNH4) and 75 % (ThODNO3) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 106 % (ThODNH4) and 87 % (ThODNO3). Therefore, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4 and ThODNO3.
Reference
Validity Criteria
Inoculum Control: The oxygen demand of the inoculum control (medium and inoculum) was 22.5 mg O2/L and thus not greater than 60 mg O2/L within 28 days as required by the test guideline.
pH-Value: The pH-value of the test item flasks at the end of the test was 7.2 and therefore within the range of pH 6.0 to 8.5 as required by the test guideline.
Reference Item: The percentage degradation of the reference item should reach the level for ready biodegradability (> 60%) within 14 days as required by the test guideline.
The reference item sodium benzoate was degraded to more than 60% after 4 days of incubation.
Test Item: The difference of duplicate values for the degradation of the test item at the end of the 10-day window and at the end of the test was less than 20%. The difference of duplicate values at days 14 and 28 was 5.0% and 1.0%. The validity criterion was fulfilled
Toxicity Control: If in a toxicity test, containing both the test item and a reference item less than 25% biodegradation (based on ThODNH4) occurred within 14 days, the test item can be assumed to be inhibitory. The biodegradation was 91% at day 14; the test item was not inhibitory.
Biodegradation of Test Item
Nitrogen is part of the molecular structure of the test item; therefore nitrification (ThODNO3) was considered for the evaluation of the results. The mean biodegradation percentage based on ThODNO3 at the end of the 10-day window was 75%; the criterion of the 10 day window was passed. The mean biodegradation percentage at the end of the 28-day exposure period was 87% (ThODNO3).
If no nitrification is considered, the mean biodegradation was 106% (ThODNH4) after 28 days of incubation. The criterion of the 10 day window was fulfilled on day 14, when the degradation was 91%.
The nitrate-N formation rate after 28 days of incubation in the controls was 1.294 mg/L (mean). The nitrate-N formation rate in the test item treated vessels was 5.478 mg/L (mean). Therefore, a nitrification occurred. In the case of a nitrification, or transformation of ammonium to nitrate the degradation of the test item was 86.8% after 28 days.
Biodegradation of Reference Item
The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 79% after 14 days and to 80% after 28 days of incubation. The percentage biodegradation of the reference item confirms the suitability of the used aerobic activated sludge inoculum.
Biodegradation in the Toxicity Control: In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 91% (ThODNH4) biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 97% (ThODNH4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation (84% and 90% based on ThODNO3). According to the test guidelines the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was > 25% within 14 days.
Oxygen Demand in Abiotic Control
The oxygen demand in the abiotic control was 0 mg/L during the test duration.
Table 1: Cumulative Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg O2/L) in Test Flasks during the Test Period of 28 Days
Time Days | Flask no. | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 65 |
2 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 80 | 0 | 120 |
3 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 95 | 0 | 145 |
4 | 20 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 110 | 0 | 170 |
5 | 25 | 30 | 10 | 5 | 115 | 0 | 200 |
6 | 45 | 55 | 10 | 5 | 125 | 0 | 210 |
7 | 70 | 70 | 10 | 10 | 135 | 0 | 230 |
8 | 75 | 80 | 10 | 10 | 135 | 0 | 235 |
9 | 85 | 90 | 10 | 10 | 140 | 0 | 245 |
10 | 90 | 95 | 15 | 10 | 145 | 0 | 245 |
11 | 95 | 100 | 15 | 15 | 145 | 0 | 250 |
12 | 95 | 100 | 15 | 15 | 145 | 0 | 250 |
13 | 100 | 105 | 15 | 15 | 150 | 0 | 255 |
14 | 105 | 110 | 15 | 15 | 150 | 0 | 260 |
15 | 110 | 110 | 20 | 15 | 155 | 0 | 260 |
16 | 110 | 110 | 20 | 20 | 155 | 0 | 265 |
17 | 110 | 115 | 20 | 20 | 155 | 0 | 265 |
18 | 115 | 115 | 20 | 20 | 155 | 0 | 270 |
19 | 115 | 120 | 20 | 20 | 155 | 0 | 270 |
20 | 115 | 120 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 270 |
21 | 120 | 120 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 270 |
22 | 120 | 120 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 275 |
23 | 125 | 120 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 275 |
24 | 125 | 120 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 275 |
25 | 125 | 120 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 280 |
26 | 130 | 125 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 280 |
27 | 130 | 125 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 280 |
28 | 130 | 130 | 25 | 20 | 160 | 0 | 285 |
Flasks 1 and 2: Test item
Flasks 3 and 4: inoculum control
Flask 5: reference (procedure control);
Flask 6: abiotic control
Flask 7: toxicity control
Table 2: Percentage Biodegradation of Test Item, of Reference Item and of the Toxicity Control based on ThODNH4
Time (Days) | Percentage Biodegradation | |||
Test item1 | Reference time2 | Toxicity Control1,2 | ||
Flask 1 [%] | Flask 2 [%] | Flask 5 [%] | Flask 7 [%] | |
1 | 5 | 5 | 32 | 24 |
2 | 5 | 5 | 44 | 43 |
3 | 5 | 5 | 53 | 52 |
4 | 15 | 10 | 61 | 61 |
5 | 17 | 22 | 63 | 71 |
6 | 37 | 47 | 69 | 77 |
7 | 59 | 59 | 73 | 81 |
8 | 64 | 69 | 73 | 83 |
9 | 73 | 79 | 76 | 87 |
10 | 76 | 81 | 77 | 86 |
11 | 78 | 84 | 76 | 87 |
12 | 78 | 84 | 76 | 87 |
13 | 83 | 89 | 79 | 89 |
14 | 88 | 93 | 79 | 91 |
15 | 91 | 91 | 80 | 90 |
16 | 88 | 89 | 79 | 91 |
17 | 88 | 93 | 79 | 91 |
18 | 93 | 93 | 79 | 92 |
19 | 93 | 98 | 79 | 92 |
20 | 91 | 96 | 80 | 92 |
21 | 96 | 96 | 80 | 92 |
22 | 96 | 96 | 80 | 93 |
23 | 100 | 96 | 80 | 93 |
24 | 100 | 96 | 80 | 93 |
25 | 100 | 96 | 80 | 95 |
26 | 105 | 101 | 80 | 95 |
27 | 105 | 101 | 80 | 95 |
28 | 105 | 106 | 80 | 97 |
1 ThODNH4 of Test item: 0.996 mg O2/mg test item
2 ThODNH4 of Reference Item: 1.666 mg O2/mg reference item
Table 3: Percentage Biodegradation of Test Item and of the Toxicity Control based on ThODNO3 and of Reference Item based on ThODNH4
Time (Days) | Percentage Biodegradation | |||
Test item1 | Reference time2 | Toxicity Control1,2 | ||
Flask 1 [%] | Flask 2 [%] | Flask 5 [%] | Flask 7 [%] | |
1 | 4 | 4 | 32 | 22 |
2 | 4 | 4 | 44 | 39 |
3 | 4 | 4 | 53 | 48 |
4 | 12 | 8 | 61 | 57 |
5 | 14 | 18 | 63 | 66 |
6 | 30 | 39 | 69 | 71 |
7 | 49 | 49 | 73 | 75 |
8 | 53 | 57 | 73 | 77 |
9 | 61 | 65 | 76 | 81 |
10 | 63 | 67 | 77 | 80 |
11 | 65 | 69 | 76 | 81 |
12 | 65 | 69 | 76 | 81 |
13 | 69 | 73 | 79 | 82 |
14 | 73 | 77 | 79 | 84 |
15 | 75 | 75 | 80 | 83 |
16 | 73 | 73 | 79 | 84 |
17 | 73 | 77 | 79 | 84 |
18 | 77 | 77 | 79 | 86 |
19 | 77 | 81 | 79 | 86 |
20 | 75 | 79 | 80 | 85 |
21 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 85 |
22 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 87 |
23 | 83 | 79 | 80 | 87 |
24 | 83 | 79 | 80 | 87 |
25 | 83 | 79 | 80 | 88 |
26 | 87 | 83 | 80 | 88 |
27 | 87 | 80 | 88 |
|
28 | 87 | 87 | 80 | 90 |
1 ThODNO3 of Test item: 1.206 mg O2/mg test item
2 ThODNH4 of Reference Item: 1.666 mg O2/mg reference item
Table 4: Correction of Percentage Biodegradation of the Test Item based on ThOD underconsideration of nitrification on day 28
| Nitrite-N | Nitrate-N | Total3 | Meas.4 | Corr.5 | Day 28 | ||||||
Day 0 | Day 28 | ∆ Nitrate-N1 | O2 Equi.2 | Day 0 | Day 28 | ∆ Nitrate-N1 | O2 Equi.2 | O2 Equi. | ThODNH4 | ThODNH4 | Degradation6 | |
mg NO2-N/L | mg | mg NO3-N/L | mg | mg | mg | mg | % | |||||
Test Item Rate 1 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.109 | 5.549 | 5.440 | 4.623 | 4.623 | 26.230 | 21.607 | 86.8 |
Test Item Rate 2 | n.d. | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | n.d. | 5.625 | 5.516 | 4.708 | 4.708 | 26.230 | 21.522 | 86.8 |
Control (mean) | 0.004+ | 0.004 | 0.000 | --- | 0.109+ | 1.403 | 1.294 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Test Item (mean) | 0.004+ | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.109+ | 5.587 | 5.478 | 4.666 | 4.666 | 26.230 | 21.565 | 86.8 |
--- = Not applicable; Meas: Measured; Corr: Corrected; n.d.: not determined; +: determined in one replicate
1: Δ nitrite-N / Δ nitrate-N: Difference of Nitrite-N / Nitrate-N between day 28 and day 0
2: Δ nitrite-N / Δ nitrate-N multiplied by empirically determined conversion factor (NH4-N to NO2-N: 3.43; NH4-N to NO3-N: 4.57), corrected by test volume (0.244 L) and concentration of control
3: Sum of nitrite-NO2-equivalent and nitrate-NO2-equivalent
4: BOD value test item day 28 [mg/L] - BOD value control day 28 [mg/L] multiplied with test vessel volume [0.244L]
5: Corrected ThODNH4 = ThODNH4 - O2-Equivalent
6: Degradation = Corrected ThODNH4 / Calculated ThODNH4 * 100
+: Limits of quantification: nitrite: 0.004 mg nitrite-N/L; nitrate: 0.109 mg nitrate-N/L
Description of key information
Under the test conditions according to OECD 301 F, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4 and ThODNO3 (reference 5.2.1-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The ready Biodegradability of the test item in a Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 F and Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 Method C.4-D under GLP was determined with aerobic activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant for 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the micro-organisms during exposure. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. Degradation rate of test item calculated by the oxygen consumption of the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms after 28 days of incubation. The test item was tested at a concentration of 102.3 mg/L in duplicate, corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 101.8 mg/L (ThODNH4) and 123.3 mg/L (ThODNO3) while the reference item was tested at a concentration of 102.9 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 171.4 mg/L (ThODNH4). The oxygen concentration was measured using a BSB/BOD-Sensor-System and the test flasks were closed gas-tight by a measuring head. Since nitrogen is part of the molecular structure of the test item, the evaluation of biodegradation is based on ThODNH4 and ThODNO3. The validity criterion was fulfilled. The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 79 % after 14 days and to 80 % after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 91 % (ThODNH4) biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 97 % (ThODNH4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation (84 % and 90 % based on ThODNO3). According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was > 25% within 14 days. The mean biodegradation of 10% or more of the test item was reached at day 4 (ThODNH4, ThODNO3). At the end of the 10-day window at day 14, the mean degradation of the test item was 91 % (ThODNH4) and 75 % (ThODNO3) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 106 % (ThODNH4) and 87 % (ThODNO3). Therefore, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4 and ThODNO3.
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