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EC number: 686-816-3 | CAS number: 151840-68-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Zirconium chloride is expected to be one of the key degradation products of alkylated zirconocene dichloride. This metal salt is expected to be the most likely substance with a sensitization potential.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Evaluation of skin sensitization potential of nickel, chromium, titanium and zirconium salts using guinea-pigs and mice
- Author:
- Ikarashi, Y., J. Momma, T. Tsuchiya, and A. Nakamura
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- Biomaterials 17(21): 2103-2108
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Assay was performed with the addition of a intradermally injected sensitization phase.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Zirconium tetrachloride
- EC Number:
- 233-058-2
- EC Name:
- Zirconium tetrachloride
- Cas Number:
- 10026-11-6
- Molecular formula:
- Cl4Zr
- IUPAC Name:
- zirconium tetrachloride
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Zirconium chloride (ZrCl,) was obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).
In vivo test system
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- Balb/c
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- Adult female mice were purchased from Japan SLC Inc. (Shizuoka, Japan).
Study design: in vivo (LLNA)
- Vehicle:
- dimethyl sulphoxide
- Remarks:
- Saline was used for as vehicle for intradermal injection, while DMSO was used as vehicle for topical application
- Concentration:
- 0.02, 0.2 or 2% intradermal injection.
5% topically applied. - No. of animals per dose:
- 3 mice per dose group
- Details on study design:
- This assay was performed according to the method described previously (Ikarashi et al., 1993). Groups of mice (n = 3) were initially injected intradermally, totaling 50 ul of test chemical-FCA emulsion into two sites of the abdominal skin. Five days after injection, the mice received 25 ul of test chemical in vehicle on both sides of each ear for three consecutive days. Control mice were treated by intradermal injection of vehicle-FCA emulsion into the abdomen and, after 5 days, the mice were exposed to vehicle alone on the ears for three consecutive days. The day after the final application, auricular lymph nodes were excised, pooled for each experimental group and weighed. A single cell suspension of lymph node cell (LNC) was prepared by mechanical disaggregation through sterile 200-mesh gauge, and washed once with Hanks’ balanced salt solution. The LNCs were resuspended in RPMI-1640 culture medium supplemented with 25 mM HEPES, 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 pg/ml streptomycin and 10% fetal calf serum, and total LNC number was determined using an automated cell counter. The increase in LNC number relative to vehicle-treated controls was derived for each experimental group and recorded as a stimulation index of LNC number (SIn). The LNC suspensions (1 x 10^6 cells) were seeded into 96-well culture plates (five wells per group) and cultured with 0.5 uCi [3H] methyl thymidine (3HTdR) for 24 h at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO, in air. Culture was terminated by using a semiautomatic cell harvester, and the 3HTdR incorporation was determined by liquid scintillation counting. The increase in 3HTdR incorporation relative to controls was derived for each experimental group and recorded as a stimulation index of LNC proliferation [SIp). SItotal was also defined as SIn x SIp and it indicates the total lymph node activation induced by test chemicals. A chemical was regarded as positive (a sensitizer) if it showed an SItotal value of 3 or greater.
Ikarashi Y, Tsuchiya T, Nakamura A (1993) A sensitive mouse lymph node assay with two application phases for detection of contact allergens. Arch Toxicol 67: 629-636 - Positive control substance(s):
- not specified
Results and discussion
- Positive control results:
- Not applicable
In vivo (LLNA)
Resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Parameter:
- SI
- Remarks:
- stimulation index of lymph node cell proliferation
- Value:
- > 0.8 - <= 0.93
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 0.8
- Test group / Remarks:
- 0.02% ZrCl4, n=3
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 0.92
- Test group / Remarks:
- 0.2% ZrCl4, n=3
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 0.93
- Test group / Remarks:
- 2% ZrCl4, n=3
- Cellular proliferation data / Observations:
- Two different parameters were reported for all 3 test concentrations. SIn was calcualted as the stimulation index of lymph node cell proliferation and SIp represented the stimulation index of lymph node cell proliferation. Results for SIn and SIp were all below 1.2 fold greater than vehicle control.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- ZrCl4 did not show any sensitization responses.
- Executive summary:
Contact sensitization potential of metal salts, including Zirconium chloride, were evaluated using the sensitive mouse lymph node assay. Zirconium chloride was determined to not be a skin sensitizer.
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