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EC number: 208-594-5 | CAS number: 534-22-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1989
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 989
- Report date:
- 1989
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- According to the method of Marron and Ames (1983), modified pre-incubation Ames test (Yahagi et al., 1977)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- adapted to volatils
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-methylfuran
- EC Number:
- 208-594-5
- EC Name:
- 2-methylfuran
- Cas Number:
- 534-22-5
- Molecular formula:
- C5H6O
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-methylfuran
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Freshly dissolved in appropriate solvent before used.
Checked for purity by nuclear magnetic resonance spetroscopy.
Method
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- six dose levels: 11 nmol - 1.1 mmol
Pre-assay performed to determine highest non-bactericidal dose in TA100 - Vehicle / solvent:
- methanol
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- methanol
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- mitomycin C
- other: 2-aminofluorene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- According to the method of Marron and Ames (1983), modified pre-incubation Ames test (Yahagi et al., 1977) due to the volatile nature of the test substance
Tested with all 3 strains at 6 dose levels (up to bactericidity).
Four plates per dose and solvent control.
Preparation of hepatic enzyme system (S9) using Aroclor 1254-induced rat livers.
Metabolic activation (30% S9) used when appropriate.
Plates incubated for 3 days and counted with automated colony counter.
Mutation factors (MF) (induced/spontaneous revertants) were counted at the dose levels that give the greatest effect. - Rationale for test conditions:
- adapted due to the volatile nature of the test substance
- Evaluation criteria:
- not specified
- Statistics:
- not specified
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- The positive controls always gave strong mutagenic responses providing evidence for correct functioning of the test and the metabolic activation.
- Remarks on result:
- other: not mutagenic
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- 2-Methylfuran was tested negative in the Ames test with the tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA102 with and without metabolic activation and at doses up to bactericidity.
- Executive summary:
The test substance was tested for genotoxicity in an Ames test using three Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA102 with and without metabolic activation (30% S9). Due to the volatile nature of the substance, the test was performed according to the method of Marron and Ames (1983), a modified pre-incubation protocol (Yahagi et al., 1977). The test was not performed in accordance with OECD TG but with acceptable restrictions. The test was not performed under GLP.
The strains were tested at 6 dose levels ranging from 11.0 nmol - 1.1 mmol up to bactericidity which was determined in a pre-test with TA100. Four plates per dose and solvent control were tested. The plates were incubated for 3 days and counted with an automated colony counter. Mutation factors (MF) (induced/spontaneous revertants) were counted at the dose levels that give the greatest effect.
In conclusion, 2-methylfuran was tested negative in the Ames test with the tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA102 with and without metabolic activation and at doses up to bactericidity.
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