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EC number: 237-001-2 | CAS number: 13573-13-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2011-02-15 to 2011-03-14
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study reliable without restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 011
- Report date:
- 2011
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 1997-07-21
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- signed 2010-03-22
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Vanadium carbide nitride (V(C,N))
- IUPAC Name:
- Vanadium carbide nitride (V(C,N))
- Reference substance name:
- 601-732-9
- EC Number:
- 601-732-9
- IUPAC Name:
- 601-732-9
- Reference substance name:
- 12069-91-9
- Cas Number:
- 12069-91-9
- IUPAC Name:
- 12069-91-9
- Test material form:
- other: solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Vanadium Carbide Nitride
- Physical state: metallic grey solid
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature
- Particle size: 150 - 250 µm (milled)
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Method
- Target gene:
- not applicable
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A pKM 101
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 fraction, prepared from male Sprague-Dawley derived rats, dosed with phenobarbital and 5,6-benzoflavone to stimulate mixed-function oxidases in the liver
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Plate incorporation (first test): 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate
Preincubation (second test): 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water (purified in-house by reverse osmosis)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: vanadium carbide nitride was insufficiently soluble in vehicles compatible with the test system. Water (purified in-house by reverse osmosis) containing 0.15% agar (bacteriological grade) was, therefore, used as the vehicle (suspending agent) for this study.
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water containing 0.15% agar
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- Positive control: without metabolic activation; 2 µg/plate for strains TA100 and TA1535
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water containing 0.15% agar
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- Positive control: without metabolic activation; 50 µg/plate for strain TA1537
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water containing 0.15% agar
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 2-nitrofluorene
- Remarks:
- Positive control: without metabolic activation; 2 µg/plate for strain TA98
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water containing 0.15% agar
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- Remarks:
- Positive control: without metabolic activation; 2 µg/plate for strain WP2 uvrA (pKM101)
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water containing 0.15% agar
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- Positive control: with metabolic activation; 5 µg/plate for strains TA100 and TA1535; 10 µg/plate for strain WP2uvrA (pKM101)
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water containing 0.15% agar
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- benzo(a)pyrene
- Remarks:
- Positive control: with metabolic activation; 5 µg/plate for strains TA98 and TA1537
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation; first test) and preincubation (second test)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: the appearance of the background bacterial lawn was examined and revertant colonies counted using an automated colony counter (Perceptive Instruments Sorcerer).
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth
Any toxic effects of the test substance would be detected by a substantial reduction in mean revertant colony counts or by a sparse or absent background bacterial lawn.
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
For a test to be considered valid, the mean of the vehicle control revertant colony numbers for each strain should lie within or close to the 99% confidence limits of the current historical control range of the laboratory unless otherwise justified by the study director. Also, the positive control compounds must induce an increase in mean revertant colony numbers of at least twice (three times in the case of strains TA1535 and TA1537) the concurrent vehicle controls. Mean viable cell counts in the 10-hour bacterial cultures must be at least 10^9/mL. - Evaluation criteria:
- If exposure to a test substance produces a reproducible increase in revertant colony numbers of at least twice (three times in the case of strains TA1535 and TA1537) the concurrent vehicle controls, with some evidence of a positive dose-response relationship, it is considered to exhibit mutagenic activity in this test system. No statistical analysis is performed.
If exposure to a test substance does not produce a reproducible increase in revertant colony numbers, it is considered to show no evidence of mutagenic activity in this test system. No statistical analysis is performed.
If the results obtained fail to satisfy the criteria for a clear “positive” or “negative” response, even after additional testing, the test data may be subjected to analysis to determine the statistical significance of any increases in revertant colony numbers. The statistical procedures used are those described by Mahon et al (1989)* and are usually Dunnett’s test followed, if appropriate, by trend analysis. Biological importance should always be considered along with statistical significance. In general, treatment-associated increases in revertant colony numbers below two or three times the vehicle controls (as described above) are not considered biologically important. It should be noted that it is acceptable to conclude an equivocal response if no clear results can be obtained.
Occasionally, these criteria may not be appropriate to the test data and, in such cases, the study director would use his/her scientific judgement.
*Reference:
MAHON, G.A.T., GREEN, M.H.L., MIDDLETON, B., MITCHELL, I. de G., ROBINSON, W.D. and TWEATS, D.J. (1989) Analysis of data from microbial colony assays in:
KIRKLAND, D.J. (Ed.). UKEMS Sub-committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing. Report. Part III. Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data, pp.26-65. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. - Statistics:
- The mean number and standard deviation of revertant colonies were calculated for all groups. The “fold-increases” relative to the vehicle controls were calculated in order to compare the means for all treatment groups with those obtained for the vehicle control groups.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A pKM 101
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- PLATE INCORPORATION (first test)
No substantial increases in revertant colony numbers over control counts were obtained with any of the tester strains following exposure to vanadium carbide nitride at any concentration up to and including 5000 μg/plate in either the presence or absence of S9 mix.
PREINCUBATION (second test)
No substantial increases in revertant colony numbers over control counts were obtained with any of the tester strains following exposure to vanadium carbide nitride at any concentration up to and including 5000 μg/plate in either the presence or absence of S9 mix.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
The mean revertant colony counts for the vehicle controls were within or close to the 99% confidence limits of the current historical control range of the laboratory. Appropriate positive control chemicals (with S9 mix where required) induced substantial increases in revertant colony numbers with all strains in all reported tests, confirming sensitivity of the cultures and activity of the S9 mix.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
No evidence of toxicity was obtained following exposure to vanadium carbide nitride. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
It is concluded that vanadium carbide nitride showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in this bacterial system under the test conditions employed.
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