Hydrocarbons, C7-C8, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Adopted according to OECD SIDS (public available peer reviewed source) and respective study summary. The original source is not available and has not been reviewed.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Individual treatment solutions were prepared as water accommodated fractions (WAF). Control and dilution water were moderately-hard well water that have been passed through a sand filter and 0.45 µm filter. Test substance was mixed in dilution water for approximately 24 hours in a covered mixing vessel. The mixtures were allowed to settle for about 22 hours prior to drawing off the aqueous phase for testing.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: cultured by testing laboratory
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 hrs old
- Method of breeding: young collected from adults held for at least 22 days.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

128-136 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

21.3 – 21.9°C

pH:

7.8 - 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

8.0-8.2 mg/L
Dissolved oxygen in the test solutions was >60% saturation

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 0.63, 1.3, 2.5, 5.0, 10 mg/L (nominal)
0, 0.028, 0.184, 0.362, 0.456, 2.03 mg/L (measured) based upon the mean of the 0 and 48 hour samples.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml glass bottles with Teflon-lined caps and were completely filled with test solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Alkalinity: 176-178 mg/L as CaCO3
- Conductivity: specific conductance 310-315 µmhos/cm


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hrs light and 8 hrs dark

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

7.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CI 5.0 to 10

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EL50 calculated by binomial probability with non-linear interpolation

Tab.: Immobilization at 24h and 48h

Nominal loading (mg/L)	Total immobilized (24 h)	Total immobilized (48 h)
0	0	0
0.63	0	0
1.3	0	0
2.5	0	0
5.0	0	0
10	16	19

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The acute toxicity, as measured by immobility to the water flea (Daphnia magna) was evaluated in freshwater. Under the conditions of this study, the test substance, hydrocarbons, C7-C9, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, produced acute toxicity to Daphnia magna at 7.4 mg/L, based on nominal loading of the test substance in water.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity, as measured by immobility to the water flea (Daphnia magna) was evaluated in freshwater. Under the conditions of this study, the test substance, C7-C9, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, produced acute toxicity to Daphnia magna at 7.4 mg/L, based on nominal loading of the test substance in water.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

11 May 1994 - 01 April 1995

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Water accomodated fractions of SBP 80:95 LNH were produced by stirring water (22 h) appropriate to the test organisms and SBP 80:95 LNH, leaving the contents of the vessel to stand for at least 1hour and running off the aqueous phase for use as the test medium. This method of media preparation is appropriate to test materials that are mixtures containing poorly soluble components.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: testing laboratory; derived from Zeneca Brixham Laboratory; The Zeneca culture is derived from a clone obtained from I.R.Ch.A., France
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 hours old; young collected from clonal laboratory cultures aged between 14 and 28 days
- Method of breeding: For the first 14 days Daphnia is cultured in 1L pyrex glass beakers containing 0.8 L of reconstituted frshwater. From day 15 onwards they are cultured in a 2 L beaker containing 1.5 L of reconstituted freshwater. Each vessel and its contents are referred to as a culture. New cultures are started with animals less than 24h old, at a density of about 10 per vessel. Cultures are held at 18-22°C, under artificial light in a 16h light, 8h dark cycle. Cultures are fed daily with green alga. Water in culture vessel is renewed twice weekly. Young are removed daily. Cultures are discarded when 28 days old. Youngs from the third brood onwards are used for toxicity tests, aged between 14 and 28 days. For the test young are removed from parent cultures and only active swimming individuals are used.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

190 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

18-20°C

pH:

max. change 0.2 from target pH

Dissolved oxygen:

8.8-9.2 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46, 100 mg/L (nominal)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, completely filled
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): without
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Chlorine: <0.02 - 0.02
- Alkalinity: 252 - 264 mg/L
- Conductivity: 510 - 534 µs/cm

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

10 - 22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

10 - 22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

see "remarks on results"

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EL50 values estimated by visual inspection of data without using interpolative statistical techniques. This is most appropriate for test substances that are complex mixtures.

Tab.: Total Immobilization

Nominal Loading (mg/L)	Daphnia Total Immobilized
	24h	48h
Control	0	0
2.2	0	0
4.6	0	0
10.0	0	0
22.0	20	20
46.0	20	20
100.0	20	20

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The acute toxicity, as measured by immobility to the water flea (Daphnia magna) was evaluated in freshwater. Under the conditions of this study, the test substance, hydrocarbons, C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <5% hexane, produced acute toxicity to Daphnia magna at 10 to 22 mg/L, based on nominal loading of the test substance in water.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity, as measured by immobility to the water flea (Daphnia magna) was evaluated in freshwater. Under the conditions of this study, the test substance, hydrocarbons, C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <5% hexane, produced acute toxicity to Daphnia magna at 10 to 22 mg/L, based on nominal loading of the test substance in water.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

11 May 1994 - 01 April 1995

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Water accomodated fractions of SBP 80:95 LNH were produced by stirring water (22 h) appropriate to the test organisms and SBP 80:95 LNH, leaving the contents of the vessel to stand for at least 1hour and running off the aqueous phase for use as the test medium. This method of media preparation is appropriate to test materials that are mixtures containing poorly soluble components.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: testing laboratory; derived from Zeneca Brixham Laboratory; The Zeneca culture is derived from a clone obtained from I.R.Ch.A., France
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 hours old; young collected from clonal laboratory cultures aged between 14 and 28 days
- Method of breeding: For the first 14 days Daphnia is cultured in 1L pyrex glass beakers containing 0.8 L of reconstituted frshwater. From day 15 onwards they are cultured in a 2 L beaker containing 1.5 L of reconstituted freshwater. Each vessel and its contents are referred to as a culture. New cultures are started with animals less than 24h old, at a density of about 10 per vessel. Cultures are held at 18-22°C, under artificial light in a 16h light, 8h dark cycle. Cultures are fed daily with green alga. Water in culture vessel is renewed twice weekly. Young are removed daily. Cultures are discarded when 28 days old. Youngs from the third brood onwards are used for toxicity tests, aged between 14 and 28 days. For the test young are removed from parent cultures and only active swimming individuals are used.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

190 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

18-20°C

pH:

max. change 0.2 from target pH

Dissolved oxygen:

8.8-9.2 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46, 100 mg/L (nominal)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, completely filled
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): without
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Chlorine: <0.02 - 0.02
- Alkalinity: 252 - 264 mg/L
- Conductivity: 510 - 534 µs/cm

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

10 - 22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

10 - 22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

see "remarks on results"

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EL50 values estimated by visual inspection of data without using interpolative statistical techniques. This is most appropriate for test substances that are complex mixtures.

Tab.: Total Immobilization

Nominal Loading (mg/L)	Daphnia Total Immobilized
	24h	48h
Control	0	0
2.2	0	0
4.6	0	0
10.0	0	0
22.0	20	20
46.0	20	20
100.0	20	20

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The acute toxicity, as measured by immobility to the water flea (Daphnia magna) was evaluated in freshwater. Under the conditions of this study, the test substance, hydrocarbons, C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 5% hexane, produced acute toxicity to Daphnia magna at 10 to 22 mg/L, based on nominal loading of the test substance in water.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity, as measured by immobility to the water flea (Daphnia magna) was evaluated in freshwater. Under the conditions of this study, the test substance, hydrocarbons, C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 5% hexane, produced acute toxicity to Daphnia magna at 10 to 22 mg/L, based on nominal loading of the test substance in water.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

25 January - 2 August 1995

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Water accomodated fractions (WAFs) were prepared. The test substance was added to test medium and stirred for 43 hrs. Vessels had minimal headspace to prevent volitilization. Contents of the vessels were then allowed to settle for 1-2 hrs. Aqueous phase was used for the test. Controls were subject to the same regime

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: clone held at Zeneca Brixham Laboratory; the clone itself was obtained from the Institut National de Recherche Chimique Applique (I.R.Ch.A.), France
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 h
- Method of breeding: for the first 14 days Daphnia are cultured in 1L beakers containing 0.8L of reconstituted freshwater. From Day 15 onwards they are cultured in a 2L beaker containing 1.5 L of reconstituted freshwater. New cultures are started with animals less than 24 h old, at a density of about 10 per vessel. Cultures are held at nominally 18-22°C, under artificial light in a 16 h light 8 h dark cycle.


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: concentrated suspensions of Chlorella vulgaris to give a concentration of approx. 0.10 x 10^6 cells/mL
- Feeding frequency: daily

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

186 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

18.0 - 18.6°C

pH:

7.9 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

9.1 - 9.2 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 1, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22 mg/L (nominal)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with no headspace
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted fresh water prepared by dissolving different Analar grade salts in reverse osmosis as recommended by the U.S. EPA (1975).
- Total organic carbon: 2.5 mg/L
- Chlorine: 0.02 mg/L Cl2
- Alkalinity: 257 mg/L CaCO3
- Ca/mg ratio: 48:1
- Conductivity: 496 µs/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 6 months


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobility

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 48h EL50: 1-10 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

>= 10 - <= 22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

>= 4.6 - <= 10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

4.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Loading rates used to produce WAF that cause a 50% effect (LL50) were estimated by visual inspection of the data. This was considered more appropriate than an interpolative statistical analysis when considering toxicity data based on WAF of test substances that are mixtures containing components of low solubility.

 Table: Immobilisation of D. magna exposed to water accomodated fractions of SBP 100/140

Loading rate used to produce WAF (mg/L)	Number of D. magna	Number immobilised
		24h	48h
Control	10	0	0
	10	0	0
1	10	0	0
	10	0	0
2.2	10	0	0
	10	0	0
4.6	10	0	0
	10	0	1
10	10	0	10
	10	2	10
22	10	10	10
	10	10	10

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

This study examined the short-term toxicity of hydrocarbons, C7-C9, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics to Daphnia. Groups of 10 Daphnia were exposed to loading rates of 0, 1, 2.2, 4.6, 10, or 22 mg/L. Daphnia were exposed for 48-hrs with no test solution renewal. Daphnia were observed at 24 and 48hrs after start. No analytical monitoring was done as studies of closely related products has shown that the solubility of the test substance is likely to be less than the determination limit of the analytical equipment. All Daphnia exposed to 22 mg/L of test substance were immobilised. At a concentration of 10 mg/L all Daphnia exposed for 48hrs were immobilise and two at 24 hrs. Only 1 Daphnia was immobilised at a concentration of 4.6 mg/L at 48 hrs. The 48-hr EL50 for Daphnia is 4.6-10 mg/L WAF.

Executive summary:

This study examined the short-term toxicity of hydrocarbons, C7-C9, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics to Daphnia. Groups of 10 Daphnia were exposed to loading rates of 0, 1, 2.2, 4.6, 10, or 22 mg/L. Daphnia were exposed for 48-hrs with no test solution renewal. Daphnia were observed at 24 and 48hrs after start. No analytical monitoring was done as studies of closely related products has shown that the solubility of the test substance is likely to be less than the determination limit of the analytical equipment. All Daphnia exposed to 22 mg/L of test substance were immobilised. At a concentration of 10 mg/L all Daphnia exposed for 48hrs were immobilise and two at 24 hrs. Only 1 Daphnia was immobilised at a concentration of 4.6 mg/L at 48 hrs. The 48-hr EL50 for Daphnia is 4.6 -10 mg/L WAF.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

17 March 1993 - 19 December 1994

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The following salts were added to Millipore or reverse-osmosis filtered water: 192 mg/L NaHCO3, 120 mg/L CaSO4.2H2O, 240 mg/L MgSO4.7H2O, 8 mg/L KCl. 100 g/L soil extract in reconstituted water is autoclaved for 15 min. at 120 degree C and added at 20 ml/L. Solids are vacuumed filtered. This test medium is mixed with test substance for 24 hrs, then allowed to settle for 1 hr. Aqeous phase was then used in the experiment.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: laboratory culture, obtained from Institut National de Reschereche Chimique Applique (I.R.Ch.A.), France
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): less than 24 hrs old
- Method of breeding: Cultures started with animals less than 24 hours old, and discarded when 28 days old. Young are removed daily, and animals for testing removed 23 hours after last removal. Test young are from 15-28 day cultures from at least the third brood.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Young are left for at least one hour prior to the study to select for actively swimming individuals.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

178 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

17-18°C

pH:

7.1-8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

9.0-9.5 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 0.89, 2, 4.5, 10, 22 mg/L (nominal)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: sealed with black caps
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, completely filled, no headspace
- Aeration: none
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: laboratory mains supply, filtered (10 µm) and passed through activated carbon
- Alkalinity: 253 mg/L
- Conductivity: 510 µs/cm

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobilization was determined at 24 and 48 hrs after start of exposure.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

12 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 9.8-16

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 2.5-3.7

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: There was no mortality of control.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistics: moving average angle technique or probit analysis

Table: Immobilisation of D. magna exposed to water accomodated fractions of SBP 60/95 LNH:

Loading rate to produce WAFs (mg/L)	Number of D. magna	Number immobilised
		24h	48h
Control	10	0	0
	10	0	0
0.89	10	0	0
	10	0	1
2	10	0	0
	10	0	0
4.5	10	0	10
	10	0	8
10	10	0	10
	10	0	10
22	10	10	10
	10	10	10

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

This study examined the short-term toxicity of the test substance, hydrocarbons, C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 5% hexane, to Daphnia magna. Groups of 10 daphnids were exposed to loading rates of 0, 0.89, 2, 4.5, 10, or 22 mg/L test substance. Daphnids were exposed for 48 hrs, and there was no renewal of test solution. Daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hrs after start of exposure for immobilization. The 48-hr EL50 for Daphnia magna was 3.0 mg/L (WAF).

Executive summary:

This study examined the short-term toxicity of the test substance, hydrocarbons, C6 -C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 5% hexane, to Daphnia magna. Groups of 10 daphnids were exposed to loading rates of 0, 0.89, 2, 4.5, 10, or 22 mg/L test substance. Daphnids were exposed for 48 hrs, and there was no renewal of test solution. Daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hrs after start of exposure for immobilization. The 48-hr EL50 for Daphnia magna was 3.0 mg/L (WAF).

Description of key information

There is no data available for this substance. However, key and supporting data is available for structural analogues Hydrocarbons C7-C9, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics; Hydrocarbons C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <5% n-hexane. The data is read across to this substance based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13. Key information is summarised below:

The test substance hydrocarbons, C7-C9, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics exhibited a 48-hr EL50 for 4.6-10 mg/L WAF for Daphnia magna.

 

The test substance, hydrocarbons, C6 -C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 5% hexane, exhibited 48-hr EL50 of 3.0 mg/L (WAF) for Daphnia magna.

 

Additional information

Three key study reports were available and input as endpoint records. These studies are summarised below.

The study from Shell (1995) examined the short-term toxicity of hydrocarbons, C7-C9, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics to Daphnia. Groups of 10 Daphnia were exposed to loading rates of 0, 1, 2.2, 4.6, 10, or 22 mg/L. Daphnia were exposed for 48-hrs with no test solution renewal. Daphnia were observed at 24 and 48hrs after start. No analytical monitoring was done as studies of closely related products has shown that the solubility of the test substance is likely to be less than the determination limit of the analytical equipment. All Daphnia exposed to 22 mg/L of test substance were immobilised. At a concentration of 10 mg/L all Daphnia exposed for 48hrs were immobilise and two at 24 hrs. Only 1 Daphnia was immobilised at a concentration of 4.6 mg/L at 48 hrs. The 48-hr EL50 reported for Daphnia magna is 4.6 -10 mg/L WAF.

 

The study from Shell (1994a) examined the short-term toxicity of the test substance, hydrocarbons, C6 -C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 5% hexane, to Daphnia magna. Groups of 10 daphnids were exposed to loading rates of 0, 0.89, 2, 4.5, 10, or 22 mg/L test substance. Daphnids were exposed for 48 hrs, and there was no renewal of test solution. Daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hrs after start of exposure for immobilization. The 48-hr EL50 reported for Daphnia magna was 3.0 mg/L (WAF).