Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 221-394-2 | CAS number: 3085-30-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- exposure period 48 hours
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 10 fish per concentration were exposed to 0, 1.25, 2.5 and 12.5 mg/L (as Al) AlCl3 during 48 hours. Next to mortality, tissue concentrations of aluminum, effects on gill morphology, Na+, K+ -ATPase (NKA) activity, and global gene expression patterns were examined.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Information on GLP is not reported. Quality of the report implies that GLP conditions were met.
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- from the middle of the exposure tank
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- No data
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Source: Ekk-Will (Gibsonton Florida UDA) wild caught
QUARANTINE (wild caught): kept at University of Florida Aquatic Toxicology Facility
- Duration:no data
- Health/mortality: no data
- conditions; in dechlorinated water (under conditions similar as during the test)
FEEDING DURING TEST; no data - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 142 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- no data
- pH:
- 6.73 , 6.72, 6.08, 5.99 and 4.34 at 0, 0.5, 2.5, 5 and 12.5 mg/L
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5-8.9 mg/L
- Conductivity:
- 395 uS
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal 0. 0.5, 2.5, 5 and 12.5 mg/L as Al
measured total Al: 0.55-0.65 mg/L at 0.5 mg/L, 2.4-2.6 mg/L at 2.5 mg/L, 10-14 mg/L at 12.5 mg/L (values taken from a figure in the publication)
measured dissolved Al: ca 0.15 mg/L at 0.5 mg/L, ca 0.1 mg/L at 2.5 mg/L, ca 0.1 mg/L at 12.5 mg/L (values taken from a figure in the publication) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: no data
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: dechlorinated water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: no data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality, tissue concentrations of aluminum, effects on gill morphology, Na+, K+ -ATPase (NKA) activity, and global gene expression patterns
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 12.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - tissue concentrations of aluminum: 0.51 and 0.67 ng Al/g ww at 0.5 and 2.5 mg/L (no treatment related effect)
- effects on gill morphology: thickening of the interlaminar regions and swelling of the lamellae at 2.5 mg/L
- Na+, K+ -ATPase (NKA) activity: increased at 0.5 mg/L and sign decreased (almost zero) at 2.5 mg/L (compared to controls)
- global gene expression patterns: significantly changed compared to controls at 5 mg/L
see executive summary - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- ANOVA with Tukey's test; Shapiro Wilk test
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
The pH seems to influence the toxicity of Al significantly. The author postulates that much of the effects may be related to insoluble Aluminium hydroxides, as the soluble concentrations do not differ much with increasing concentrations.
- Conclusions:
- Based on the outcome of the current test the LC50 in fish is between 5 and 12,5 mg Al /L
Effects on the gills are expected at concentration of 2.5 mg Al /L and above - Executive summary:
In freshwater fish, aluminum is a well-recognized gill toxicant, although responses are influenced by pH. Aluminum nanomaterials are being used in diverse applications that are likely to lead to environmental release and exposure. However, it is unclear if the effects of nanoparticulate aluminum are similar to those of other forms of aluminum or require special consideration. To examine the acute toxicological effects of exposure to aluminum nanoparticle (Al-NP)s, adult female zebrafish were exposed to either Al-NPs or aluminum chloride for up to 48 hours in moderately hard fresh water. Al-NPs introduced into test water rapidly aggregated and up to 80% sedimented from the water column during exposures. No mortality was caused by concentrations of Al-NP up to 12.5 mg/L. After exposure, tissue concentrations of aluminum, effects on gill morphology, Na+, K+ -ATPase (NKA) activity, and global gene expression patterns were examined. Exposure to both aluminum chloride and nanoparticulate aluminum resulted in a concentration dependent decrease in sodium potassium ATPase activity, although Al-NP exposure did not alter gill morphology as measured by filament widths. Decreased ATPase activity coincided with decreases in filamental NKA staining and mucous cell counts. Analysis of gill transcriptional responses demonstrated that exposure to 5 mg/L Al-NP only resulted in significant changes in expression of two genes, whereas aluminum chloride exposure significantly affected the expression of 105 genes. Taken together, these results indicate that nanoparticulate aluminum has little acute toxicity for zebrafish in moderately hard freshwater.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Fish were exposed under flow-through conditions to solutions containing 5 concentrations of inorganic Al (Al–RSW) for 96 hours at pH 5.0. Basin volumes and flow rates were adjusted to ensure >99% molecular replacement of the basin volume (7 or 8 L) within 24 h. Mortality was observed for a calculation of an LC50.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all test concentrations and control
- Sampling method: samples taken daily using acid-washed pasticware
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: samples for analysis of total Al were acidified to pH 1.0 with concentrated trace-metal-grade HNO3 and were left at room temperature for at least 24 h before spectrophotometric analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Controls: RSW water
- All other template details: Not reported - Test organisms (species):
- Salmo salar
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Atlantic salmon
- Source: provincial fish hatchery (Ministe`re de Loisir, Chasse et Pêche, Gaspe´, QC, Canada) and from a commercial aquaculture establishment (La Pisciculture Saukeb, Nouvelle, Gaspé, QC, Canada). The stocks of salmon originated from rivers of the Gaspé (MLCP) and North Shore (La Pisciculture Saukeb) regions of Québec.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juvenile
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): average wet weight 1.8 ± 0.8 g
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 2 weeks
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: trout chow pellets ad libitum
- Feeding frequency: fish were not fed for 24 hours prior to the experiment
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): not reported
QUARANTINE (wild caught): Not reported - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not reported
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 10 degrees C
- pH:
- Nominal: 5.0
Measured: 4.96 ± 0.06, n=54 - Dissolved oxygen:
- > 85% saturation
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured (μM): 0.4 (control), 1.1 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.1, 3.4 ± 0.1, 3.2 ± 0.1, 3.9 ± 0.1
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 7 or 8 L tanks
- Renewal rate of test solution (flow rate):>99% molecular replacement of the basin volume (7 L) within 24 hr
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: RSW was prepared by the addition of salts to deionized water
- Total organic carbon: 1-3 mg C/L
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12 hr light : 12 hr dark
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality observed every 3 hours during the day and 7 hours at night - Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.078 - <= 0.108 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 2.5-3.2 µmol/L: RSW experiment
- Remarks:
- based on inorganic Al concentration
- Details on results:
- Not reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The LC50 values and their 95% confidence limits were determined using the Spearman–Karber method.
- Conclusions:
- The 96 hr LC50 for Salmo salar exposed to Al in solution was 2.9 µM Al (0.075 mg/l).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1978
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Not GLP. According to guideline. Although some details (concentrations, light period, pH and O2 measurement, controls, and replicates) are not reported, the study meets generally accepted scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung. L 15: Fischtest (Bestimmung der Wirkung von Wasserinhaltsstoffen auf Fische). Pre-print in Vom Wasser 46:291-295 (1976). Later: DIN 38412-15
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The substance immediately hydrolyses to n-butanol and Al3+ species in contact with moisture or water as shown in the hydrolysis study in this dossier. Hence,butanol is the species present in aqueous media and thus surrogate for assessing toxicity to aquatic species posed by the organic moiety of the reference substance.
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Leuciscus idus melanotus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Golden orfe
- Length at study initiation: 5-7 cm
- Weight at study initiation: 1.5 ± 0.3 g
- Method of breeding: 5 fish/L. Fed with dry fish-food (10-20 mg). Mortality < 1% per week
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 3 days
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: 2 days before test no food
- Feeding frequency: normally 3 times/week - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 15 ± 3 ° dH
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 7-8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- > 5mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- According to guideline
TEST SYSTEM:
- Test vessel: aquaria
- Type: open
- Material: glass; size: 24x32x22 (17L); fill volume: 10 L
- Aeration: glass pipette (1-3 blows/s)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dechlorinated water
- Ca/Mg ratio: 2.7 ± 0.5 mmol/L
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality (daily) - Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 1 170 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 1 620 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 770 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 1 220 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 1 980 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- insufficient documentation for assessment
- Conclusions:
- The LC50(48 h) of n-butanol the Golden orfe acute toxicity test from two different laboratories is: 1200-1770 mg/L
- Executive summary:
The substance immediately hydrolyses to n-butanol, and Al3+ species in contact with moisture or water as shown in the hydrolysis study in this dossier. Hence, n-butanol is the species present in aqueous media and thus surrogate for assessing toxicity to aquatic species posed by the organic moity of the reference substance. n-butanol showed very low toxicity towards golden orfe in these tests and two LC50 values (48h) were derived by two different laboratories: 1200 mg/l and 1770 mg/l.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Aluminium tributanolate dissociates instantaneously when exposed to water forming butan-1-ol and aluminium(III) species. The inorganic moiety shows LC50 values between 0.078 mg Al/L (Roy_Campbell 1997) and > 800 mgAl/L (Kovriznych 2013). These values strongly depend on the Al species tested, pH and the life-stage of the fish. Effects on the gills are expected at concentration of 2.5 mg Al /L (Griffith 2010)
In a worst case approach the LC50 in fish has been set at 0.078 mg Al/L.
For butan-1-ol the LC50(48 h) in the Golden orfe is 1200-1770 mg/L (Juhnke 1978). Indicative of a very low toxicity.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.078 mg/L
Additional information
Aluminium tributanolate reacts instantaneously with water to form butan-1-ol and Al3+ species. The resulting pH being weakly alkaline indicates according to Langmuir et al. 2004 that Al3+ species formed are mainly Al(OH)4-, Al(OH)3 and Al(OH)2+ at pH 8.5.
Thus, aluminium tributanolate is abiotically degradable and forms butanol being readily biodegradable as shown in several publications (Bridie 1979, Price 1974).
The inorganic moiety that forms in aqueous systems are insoluble Al3+ species. These were investigated by testing the more soluble aluminium chloride at pH 5 -7 for acute toxicity. The 48 hr LC50 for juvenile Danio rerio exposed to Al as AlCl3 was between 5 and 12.5 mg Al/L (Griffith 2010). Testing of aluminium phosphate tested in adult Salmo salar gave an LC50 of 0.078 mg/L (Roy-Campbell 1997), while aluminium oxide seemed much less toxic with an LC50 > 800 mg/L in adult Danio rerio (Kovriznych 2013).
Butanol is of very low acute toxicity to fish.
Hence, both butanol and aluminium species will be present in aqueous media. Based on its toxicity, aluminium species seem to represent a worst case surrogate for assessing toxicity to aquatic species exposed to the substance, aluminium tributanolate.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.