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EC number: 203-783-9 | CAS number: 110-61-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Experimental data were reviewed by the ECETOC Task Force, author of the JACC Report No. 53, “Cyanides of Hydrogen, Sodium and Potassium, and Acetone Cyanohydrin (CAS No. 74-90-8, 143-33-9, 151-50-8 and 75-86-5)”, 2007. The report is a weight of evidence approach to an extensive body of literature, much of which was undertaken prior to development of guidelines. The report was peer reviewed by the scientific non-governmental organization (NGO), which judged the data to be reliable with restrictions.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A search of the available literature on cyanides identified an extensive database of valid studies on microbial toxicology. The literature was reviewed and the appropriate studies were identified for the evaluation of cyanide effects on each of four groups of micro-organisms: bacteria and cyanobacteria; protozoa; fungi; and activated sludge.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 74-86-5
- IUPAC Name:
- 74-86-5
- Reference substance name:
- Hydrogen cyanide
- EC Number:
- 200-821-6
- EC Name:
- Hydrogen cyanide
- Cas Number:
- 74-90-8
- IUPAC Name:
- cyanide
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: cross-section of micro-organisms in four groups, including bacteria and cyanobacteria; protozoa; fungi; and activated sludge.
Test conditions
- Details on test conditions:
- The ECETOC Task Force reviewed each study, and judged each to be valid and informative for the evaluation of the endpoint.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.007 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- other: CN- ion
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tetrahymena pyriformis (protozoa) NOEC of 0.007 mg/l converted from NOEC of 0.013 mg/l for NaCN (test material)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC5
- Effect conc.:
- 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- other: CN- ion
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: Entosiphon sulcatum (protozoa)
- Duration:
- 6 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- other: CN- ion
- Basis for effect:
- other: turbidometric
- Remarks on result:
- other: activated sludge EC50 of 4.9 mg/l represents average of 17 laboratories in a ring test; range is 2.0 mg/l to 9.2 mg/l.
- Details on results:
- The two NOEC values from protozoans represent the lowest NOEC (0.007 mg CN-/l in Tetrahymena pyriformis) and highest NOEC (1.8 mg CN-/l in Entosiphon sulcatum) reported from a range of assays on six protozoan species.
The EC50 for activated sludge (4.9 mg CN-/l) represents the average of values from results from 17 laboratories in an international ring test, with a range of EC50 values from 2.0 mg CN-/l to 9.2 mg CN-/l.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The ECETOC Task Force evaluated each study and found to be valid.
- Conclusions:
- A review of the available literature revealed an extensive database on the microbial toxicity of cyanides. These studies were categorized for each of four organism groups: bacteria and cyanobacteria; protozoa; fungi; and activated sludge. Taking into account the substantial metabolic differences between bacterial species, the significant influence of the culture conditions upon cyanide toxicity, the variety of endpoints tested and the small number of published toxicity results, the relevance of of those test data for environmental exposure of bacteria were unclear. The results for fungi were not determined to be approriate , since the tests on fungal species were either conducted according to non-standard protocols, were not performed by a methodology in which the cyanide concentrations in the test agar could be determined, or from which the relevance of the data (from a study of the effects of airborne HCN to fungi) to the general sensitivity of fungi could not be determined.
The results for two for two of the groups (protozoa and activated sludge) were determined to be relevant for the evaluation of environmental exposures. The range of threshold toxicity concentrations reported for protozoans ranged from a NOEC of 0.007 mg CN-/l for Tetrahymena pyriformis, to an EC5 of 1.8 mg CN-/l for Entosiphon sulcatum. The mean EC50 for activated sludge was 4.9 mg CN-/l, from an international ring test of 17 laboratories performing a 72 h growth inhibition assay; the range of EC50 values from the 17 laboratories was 2.0 mg CN-/l to 9.2 mg CN-/l.
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