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EC number: 207-954-9 | CAS number: 502-97-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1999-11-11 to 1999-12-07
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 2000
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Glycollic acid
- EC Number:
- 201-180-5
- EC Name:
- Glycollic acid
- Cas Number:
- 79-14-1
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4O3
- IUPAC Name:
- glycol acid
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution of 800 mg/L was prepared by weighing approximately 1.6 g of H-24277, bringing this up to 2000 mL in well water and stirring for 30 minutes. Nominal concentrations of test substance solutions and stock solutions were not adjusted for purity. Test solutions of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L were prepared by adding the appropriate volume of stock solution for a total test solution volume of 1-liter.
- Controls: dilution water control
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): no
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: Daphnia magna
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): 28 days
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Type and amount of food: During acclimatiion Daphnids were fed on a daily basis with a yeast, cereal leaves and trout chow (YCT) mixture (standardized to 1800 mg/L total solids) and the green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum at a rate of 62,500 cells/mL (the combination of YCT and alga is equivalent to 0.1-0.2 mg total organic carbon per daphnid).
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Sickness, injury, and abnormalities were not seen and ephippia were not being produced by the parent daphnids. No adult immobility was seen in the cultures used for testing during the 48-hour pretest period.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 120 to 123 mg/L CaCO 3
- Test temperature:
- 20.4 to 20.7 °C
- pH:
- At high concentrations: 200, 400 and 800 mg/L the pH ranged between 3.0 and 3.8, at lower concentrations: 25, 50 and 100 mg/L the pH ranged from 6.9 to 7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.9 mg/L
- Salinity:
- n.a.
- Conductivity:
- 290 to 490 µmhos/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Pyrex ® beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Pyrex®, 250 mL fill volume, 200 mL solution volume
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
Dilution water originated from the Haskell Laboratory well which is 378-feet deep and is cased and sealed into bedrock to prevent contamination. The hardness of the well water is adjusted to approximately 110-140 mg/L as CaCO 3 by the flow-proportioned addition of CaCl 2. The well water is then aerated, passed through a green sand filter to remove iron, and filtered through 50-, 10-, and 5-µm filters to remove particulates. The water is heated or chilled as appropriate and distributed through aged polyvinyl chloride piping.
- Total organic carbon: 0.30
- Metals: ND
- Pesticides: ND
- Chlorine: 0.04
- Alkalinity: 54 mg/L CaCO 3 at test start
- Ca/mg ratio: 14.1
- Conductivity: 490 µmhos/cm at 800 mg/L
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: every two years
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light (approximately 510 - 521 Lux) and 8 hours darkness was employed which included 30 minutes of transitional light (7 - 8 Lux)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobilisation
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: An initial study was conducted at nominal test concentrations of 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L (5 daphnids per replicate, 4 replicates per concentration). A dilution water control was used in the study.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The only immobility recorded at 48 h was 5% at the 12.5 mg/L nominal test concentration, therefore, the definitive test concentrations were 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 141 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 48-hour EC 50 and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by the binomial method based on nominal concentrations. The highest nominal concentration causing no immobility at test end and the lowest nominal concentration causing 100% immobility at test end were assessed by visual observation.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Effect of glycolic acid on Immobilisation of Daphnia magna
Treatment (mg a.i./L) [nominal conc. used] |
Number of immobile Daphnids/Number of Daphnids at Test Start |
||||
[h] 24 |
[h] 48 |
||||
Cumul. no. affected |
% affected |
Cumul. no. affected |
% affected |
||
Control (dilution water only) |
1 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
2 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
3 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
4 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
25 |
1 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
2 |
0/52d |
40 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
3 |
0/53d |
60 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
4 |
0/51d |
20 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
50 |
1 |
0/51d |
20 |
0/5 |
0 |
2 |
0/53d |
60 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
3 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
4 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
100 |
1 |
0/51d |
20 |
0/5 |
0 |
2 |
0/51d |
20 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
3 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
4 |
0/5 |
0 |
0/5 |
0 |
|
200 |
1 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
2 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
3 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
4 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
400 |
1 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
2 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
3 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
4 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
800 |
1 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
2 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
3 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
|
4 |
5/5 |
100 |
5/5 |
100 |
OBSERVATION KEY
a Daphnid lethargic;b Daphnid visibly small in size;c Daphnid pale in color;d Daphnid floating at surface;e Daphnid accidentally crushed by pipette during transfer
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The present study was performed according to OECD Test Guideline 202 in order to evaluate the 48–hr-acute toxicity of glycolic acid to Daphnia magna under static conditions. Daphnids were exposed to control and test chemical at nominal concentration of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg a.i./L for 48 hr. The 48– hour LC50/EC50 was 141 mg a.i./L. The described effects are considered to be based on a decrease of pH in the incubation medium caused by glycolic acid, the measured initial pH of the incubation media were: 7.2 in the solution with 25 mg/L, 7.1 at 50 mg/L, 6.9 at 100 mg/L, 3.8 at 200 mg/L, 3.3 at 400 mg/L and 3.1 at 800 mg/L. After 48h the pH in the 25, 50 and 100 mg/L group returned to physiological values. Thus, the observed effects are supposed to be related to acidity.
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