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EC number: 280-960-7 | CAS number: 83817-60-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 01 Jul - 23 Jul 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2009
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 23, "Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures"
- Version / remarks:
- 2000
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: SANCO/3029/99 rev. 4 11/07/00: Residues: Guidance for generating and reporting methods of analysis in support of pre-registration data requirements for Annex II (part A; Section 4) and Annex III (part A; Section 5) of directive 91/414
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Germany
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ethyl 9-oxo-9H-thioxanthene-2-carboxylate
- EC Number:
- 280-960-7
- EC Name:
- Ethyl 9-oxo-9H-thioxanthene-2-carboxylate
- Cas Number:
- 83817-60-1
- Molecular formula:
- C16H12O3S
- IUPAC Name:
- ethyl 9-oxo-9H-thioxanthene-2-carboxylate
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations and method: duplicate samples from the freshly prepared test media filtrate (containing algae) and from the control were taken at the start of the test. Duplicate samples from the test media filtrates of the100 mg/L test concentrations and the control (containing algae) were taken also at the end of the test by pooling the replicates. Additional samples of the control blank and the dilution solvent were taken at test start and test end without any sample treatment.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: all samples were diluted by a factor of 2 with acetonitrile and stored at ≤ - 20 °C, protected from light
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: a stock suspension of 100 mg test item/L was prepared by suspending 100.3 mg test item in 1003 mL test water. The supersaturated stock suspension was mixed for 48 h at room temperature by overhead shaking. Then, medium was filtrated (0.45 μm cellulose acetate filter) and the filtrate was used as test medium.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: 61.81 SAG
- Source: laboratory culture (original source: Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Göttingen, Germany)
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 d old exponentially growing pre-culture
- Method of cultivation: under standardised conditions according to the test guidelines
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol/L (= 24 mg/L) as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21.8 - 22.7 °C
- pH:
- 7.9 to 9.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- -
- Salinity:
- -
- Conductivity:
- -
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: (0) control and 100 mg/L (supersaturated solution)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks (covered with glass dishes)
- Fill volume: 50 mL
- Initial cells density: 5000 algal cells per mL test medium
- Control end cells density: 65.515*10^4 cells /mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per blank control (replicates): 1 (blank without algae for the spectrophotometric measurements)
- Other: continuously stirred with magnetic stirrers
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: according to guideline
- Intervals of water quality measurement: temperature was measured daily in a flask filled with water and incubated under the same conditions as the test flasks, pH was measured in all concentrations and the control at the start and the end of the test
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH in dilution water: yes with 1M HCl to pH 8.1
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity: 5617 lux (mean)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: cell density was determined after 24, 48 and 72 h
- Determination of cell concentrations: spectrophotometrical measurement
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: yes, non GLP (not included in final report) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes (131-fold increase within 72 h)
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Unusual cell shape: yes
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: yes - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: yes
- ErC50: 1.50 mg potassium dichromate/L (95% CI: 1.43 - 1.58 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - The 72 h ErC10, ErC50 and EyC10, EyC50 could not be calculated by Probit analysis due to the lack of effects and were therefore determined directly from the raw data.
- The 72 h LOEC and NOEC, was tested for significant differences compared to the control values by Two sample t-test.
- The software used to perform the statistical analysis was ToxRat Professional, Version 3.2.1, ToxRat Solutions GmbH.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: All biological results.
Parameter | Yield | Growth rate |
[mg test item/L] | [mg test item/L] | |
72-hour EC50 | > 100 | > 100 |
72-hour EC20 | > 100 | > 100 |
72-hour EC10 | > 100 | > 100 |
72-hour NOEC | ≥100 | ≥100 |
72-hour LOEC | > 100 | > 100 |
Table 2: Algal Cell Densities, Yield and Growth rate as well as the inhibition percentage after 72 h of exposure.
Mean measured concentration [mg/L] | Density of algal cells [1000/mL] after 72 h | Yields y [10000 cells/mL] | % inhibition of y | Growth rates μ [1/day] | % inhibition of μ |
Control | 65.515 | 65.015 | - | 1.625 | - |
100 | 72.256 | 71.756 | -10.4 | 1.657 | -2 |
The measured test concentration was both at the start and at the end of the test below the LOQ. Therefore, all biological results refer to the nominal value.
Coefficient of Variation of Sectional (Daily) Growth Rates in Control Cultures: 12.1%
Coefficient of Variation of Average Growth between Control Replicates: 0.8%
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
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