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EC number: 204-373-2 | CAS number: 120-14-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 November - 23 December 1997
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Reliability 1 is assigned because the study was conducted according to OECD TG 301D in compliance with GLP, without deviations that influence the quality of the results.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeded 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days.
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Inoculum was coming from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (City of Geneva, Aire). On the day of collection, the sample was washed three times in the mineral medium by centrifugation at 1000 g for 10 min, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Test substance samples and reference substance samples are weighed. All flasks are filled with 250 ml of mineral medium. Samples of test or reference substance, or both, are added. The the sludge is added. The flasks are closed and placed in the water bath of the Sapromat. After temperature and pressure equilibration, the oxygen meters of the instrument are set to zero.
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Test performance:
- The test was performed at 22°C ± 1°C.
Everyday the oxygen consumption of each flask was recorded and correct temperature and stirring were checked. At the end of the test period, the pH of each flask was measured again. - Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 82
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10-day window was met
- Details on results:
- The test material was biodegraded by 82 % after 28 days, therefore it is considered readily biodegradable. The criteria for meeting a 10-day window was also fulfilled. The results show that there was no toxic effect of the test substance on the microorganisms at the test concentration.
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance was biodegraded by 40 % after 7 days and by 65 % after 14 days.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeded 65% after 14 days.
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test material showed 82 % biodegradation after 28 days in an OECD TG 301 F test. The criteria for meeting a 10-day window were also fulfilled. Therefore, it is considered readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test substance was investigated in a study conducted in accordance with OECD TG 301 F and GLP. The concentration tested was 100 mg/l test substance, with an activated sludge concentration of 30 mg/l (2.28 g/l dry weight of suspended solids). The test substance biodegraded for 82 %. The 10-day window was met and therefore the substance was considered readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The information is derived from read-across
- Justification for type of information:
- The full read-across document can be found in the Endpoint Summary in text and in the attached file.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 82
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10-day window was met
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- It can be concluded that the test substance is readily biodegradable.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Biodegradation (read-across for Veratraldehyde from Piperonal (CAS number 120 -57 -0)): readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
The biodegradation is based on read across from Piperonal. First the study with the analogue is described and thereafter the read across justification is presented.
The ready biodegradability of Piperonal (CAS number 120 -57 -0) was investigated in a study conducted in accordance with OECD TG 301 F and GLP. The concentration tested was 100 mg/L test substance. The test substance biodegraded for 82% in 28 days and was not toxic to the inoculum. Profarnesal (CAS number 120 -57 -0) was concluded to be readily biodegradable.
Veratraldehyde and its ready biodegradability in water sediment using read across information from Piperonal (CAS number 120-57-0)
Introduction and hypothesis for the analogue approach
Veratraldehyde is a phenol structure with two short ether-alkyl chains attached in the meta and para positions of the phenol ring, both chains have one carbon. For Veratraldehyde data on biodegradation in a water – screening - system are lacking. In accordance with Article 13 of REACH,lacking information can be generated by means of applying alternative methods such as QSARs, grouping and read-across. For assessing the ready biodegradation of the substance in water - sediment the analogue approach is selected because for one closely related analogue a reliable ready biodegradability study is available.
Hypothesis: Veratraldehydeis expected to have similar biodegradation percentage as Piperonal based on a similar structure.
Available experimental information: For the analogue, Piperonal, an OECD 301 F test (GLP, K1) is available. It was biodegraded by 82% after 28 days, meeting the 10-day window criteria, which results in the substance being readily biodegradable.
Target chemical and source chemical(s)
Chemical structures of the target chemical and the source chemical are shown in the data matrix. Also physico-chemical properties thought to be relevant for biodegradation are listed in there.
Purity / Impurities
Veratraldehyde is a mono-constituent. The impurities are below 2% (<10%).
Analogue approach justification
According to Annex XI 1.5, read across can be used to replace testing when the similarity can be based on a common backbone and a common functional group. When using read across, the result derived should be applicable for C&L and/or risk assessment and it should be presented with adequate and reliable documentation.
Analogue selection: Piperonal was selected because of the close structural similarity and adequate data were available. It was selected from all analogues identified in the OECD QSAR toolbox using Tanimoto similarity of 75% and analogues identified in the RIFM database.
Structural analogy: Veratraldehyde and Piperonal are both methyl phenyl aldehydes, with two ether bonds attached opposite the aldehyde group. The difference with Piperonal is that Veratraldehyde has two loose CH3 groups attached to the ether, while Piperonal has the ether bonds in a ring structure resulting in an acetal group.
Bioavailability: The similarity in bioavailability of both substances for bacteria can be assessed using the phys-chem properties of the source Piperonal and target Veratraldehyde. Both substances are well water soluble and have a low log Kow. Though Piperonal is somewhat less water soluble compared to Veratraldehyde(1400 mg/l and 14914, respectively)and has a slightly higher log Kow, this will not affect the biodegradation.
Uncertainty of the prediction: There is limited uncertainty based on the reasoning above. In addition, the read across and the result is further supported by BIOWIN in EPISUITE, which predicts both substances to be readily biodegradable. Veratraldehyde (the target) is expected to be readily biodegradable: BIOWIN 5 and 6 show probabilities of 1.05 and 0.97, respectively, while the cut off is > 0.5 for ready biodegradable. For Piperonal these probability predictions are: 1.11 and 0.98, respectively. This further supports the likelihood of ready biodegradation of Veratraldehyde.
Data matrix
The relevant information on physico-chemical properties and biodegradation characteristics are presented in the data matrix below.
Conclusions on the ready biodegradability of Veratraldehyde
When using read across, the result derived should be applicable for C&L and/or risk assessment and be presented with adequate and reliable documentation. Piperonal is readily biodegradable (OECD TG 301F), and therefore also Veratraldehyde is readily biodegradable.
Final conclusion on ready biodegradability: Veratraldehyde is readily biodegradable.
Data matrix of Veratraldehyde using read across from Piperonal.
Name of substance |
Veratraldehyde |
Piperonal (Heliotropin) |
Chemical structure |
|
|
Cas no |
120-14-9 |
120-57-0 |
Tanimoto |
1 |
0.77 |
Einecs number |
204-373-2 |
204-409-7 |
REACH |
Registration 2018 |
Full registration |
Empirical |
C9H10O3 |
C8H6O3 |
Mol weight |
166.18 |
150.13 |
Phys-chem |
|
|
Appearance |
White crystals or cream-colored, fused mass; solid (IFF, 2016) |
Crystalline solid |
Melting point (oC) |
44.7°C (IFF, 2016) |
36.5 ± 0.5°C (ECHA dissemination site) |
Boiling point (oC) |
262.8°C (IFF, 2016) |
272 ± 2°C (ECHA dissemination site) |
Vapour pressure (Pa at 25oC) |
0.09 (IFF, 2016) |
1.33 / 2.01(ECHA dissemination site) |
Water solubility (mg/l) |
14914 (IFF, 2016) |
1400 (ECHA dissemination site) |
Log Kow |
0.8 (IFF, 2016) |
1.2 (ECHA dissemination site) |
Biodegradation % |
Read-across from Piperonal |
Readily biodegradable (82%after 28 days) |
EPISUITE prediction |
BIOWIN5 = 1.05, BIOWIN6 =0.97 |
BIOWIN5 = 1.11, BIOWIN6 =0.98 |
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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