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EC number: 224-069-3 | CAS number: 4191-73-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data is from peer reviewed journal.
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed journal.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Study of 7 days toxicity of isopropylparaben to Ceriodaphnia dubia.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Isopropylparaben
- Molecular formula: C10 H12 O3
- Molecular weight: 180.202 g/mol
- Smiles notation: c1(C(OC(C) C)=O)ccc(O)cc1
- InChl : 1S/C10H12O3/c17( 2)1310(12)8359(11)648/h37,11H,12H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
- Analytical purity:≥99% - Details on test solutions:
- - Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): breeding water
- Test organisms (species):
- Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): mature females (1 week or older)
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 10 years before the experiment.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Not same as
Temperature: 26 degree C ±1 degree C
Photoperiod: light and dark cycle was 16:8 h
- Type and amount of food:
Green alga chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) obtained from Chlorella Industry diluted to 1 X 10(8) cells mL-1 was used as feed at 0.5 mL-1.
0.5 mL-1 YCT (yeast, cerophyll, and trout chow), which was prepared fresh daily in a culture beaker was provided every day.
- Feeding frequency: every day. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- 87 mL-1 as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 25 degree C ± 0.32 degree C
- pH:
- 7.5 to 8.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- measured concentration as 0.66,1.37, 2.34, 5.05, 9.77 mg/l
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass vessels
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 15ml
- Aeration: No aeration as closed vessel was used.
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): renewed three times a week.
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10 replicates
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 13 neonates
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Conductivity: 26 ±0.95 µS cm-1
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 0.66,1.37, 2.34, 5.05, 9.77 mg/l - Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Number of Offspring
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Time to First Brood
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The EC 50 values for long term toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia for isopropylparaben (4191-73-5) was determined to be 1.2, 2.5 and 6.2 mg/l based on survival,number of offsprings and Time to First Brood of Ceriodaphnia dubia.
- Executive summary:
Long term toxicity tests have been conducted on Ceriodaphnia dubia for 7 days at concentrations of 0.66, 1.37, 2.34, 5.05, 9.77 mg/l. significant differences in the number of offspring (P < 0.01)and time to brood (P < 0.05) were observed at the lowest(0.66 mg/l for iPP) dose groups. Therefore, the EC 50 values for long term toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia for isopropylparaben (4191-73-5) was found to be 1.2, 2.5 and 6.2 mg/l based on survival,number of offsprings and Time to First Brood of Ceriodaphnia dubia.
Reference
Description of key information
Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Long term toxicity test have been conducted on Ceriodaphnia dubia by Masanori Terasaki et.al (Environmental toxicology, 12 December 2013)for 7 days at concentrations of 0.66, 1.37, 2.34, 5.05, 9.77 mg/l. Significant differences in the number of offspring (P < 0.01)and time to brood (P < 0.05) were observed at the lowest(0.66 mg/l for iPP) dose groups. Therefore, the EC 50 values for long term toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia for isopropylparaben (4191-73-5) was found to be 1.2, 2.5 and 6.2 mg/l based on survival, number of off springs and Time to First Brood of Ceriodaphnia dubia.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1.2 mg/L
Additional information
Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was summaries with key and supporting studies for isopropylparaben (4191-73-5) are as follows.
Long term toxicity test have been conducted on Ceriodaphnia dubia by Masanori Terasaki et.al (Environmental toxicology, 12 December 2013)for 7 days at concentrations of 0.66, 1.37, 2.34, 5.05, 9.77 mg/l. Significant differences in the number of offspring (P < 0.01)and time to brood (P < 0.05) were observed at the lowest(0.66 mg/l for iPP) dose groups. Therefore, the EC 50 values for long term toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia for isopropylparaben (4191-73-5) was found to be 1.2, 2.5 and 6.2 mg/l based on survival, number of off springs and Time to First Brood of Ceriodaphnia dubia.
Supporting to the above key study by Laura L. Dobbinset.al,(Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 2744–2753, 2009) long term toxicity to Daphnia Magna was studied for 10 days at different concentrations. Neonates were used and half of the LC50 determined from the acute test was used as the highest sub chronic exposure concentration; a 0.5 dilution factor was then applied to prepare the remaining concentrations.10 replicates with one Daphnia was applied to each concentration were fed during study. Daily observed for mortality and number of neonates were done. So, on the basis of above result the endpoint for long term toxicity to Daphnia Magna was determined to be LOEC at 2 mg/L concentrations of isopropylparaben (4191-73-5).
Based on the key and supported studies values, the isopropylparaben was considered to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates but as it was readily biodegradable hence, it can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP regulations.
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