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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 285-080-7 | CAS number: 85029-55-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 29 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECETOC
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 18
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 529 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
An OECD 422 combined 28-day/reproduction screening study resulted in an overall NOAEL of 300 mg/kg/day being the highest dose level tested. The corrected 8 hr inhalation NOAEC for workers is NOAEL(300 mg/kg) * 1.76 mg/m3 = 529 mg/m3. No factor 2 route extrapolation from oral to inhalation. Due to very low vapour pressure, exposure is only possible as aerosol. If any inhalation does occur, this can only be in the form of larger droplets, as the use does not include fine spraying. Droplets will deposit mainly on upper airways, and will be subsequently swallowed following mucociliary transportation to pharynx. This results to no principal difference in absorption compared oral route.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The combination of sub-acute to sub-chronic (AF 3) and su-chronic to chronic (AF 2)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Already included in NOAEC calculation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive review that there is no justification for the suggested additional factor of 2.5; therefore a factor of 1 has been applied.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive scientific review that the appropriate factor for intraspecies differences for workers is 3 (Actually considered as sufficient for the combined remaining inter-species and intra-species factors)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data derived from valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECETOC
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 72
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Extrapolation from oral NOAEL represents a worst case situation, as dermal absorption is considered to be lower compared to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The combination of sub-acute to sub-chronic (AF 3) and su-chronic to chronic (AF 2)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive review that there is no justification for the suggested additional factor of 2.5; therefore a factor of 1 has been applied.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive scientific review that the appropriate factor for intraspecies differences for workers is 3 (Actually considered as sufficient for the combined remaining inter-species and intra-species factors)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data derived from valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECETOC
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 30
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 261 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
An OECD 422 combined 28-day/reproduction screening study resulted in an overall NOAEL of 300 mg/kg/day being the highest dose level tested. The corrected 24 hr inhalation NOAEC for general population following route-to-route extrapolation is NOAEL * 1/1.15 mg/m3 = 261 mg/m3. No factor 2 route extrapolation from oral to inhalation. Due to very low vapour pressure, exposure is only possible as aerosol. If any inhalation does occur, this can only be in the form of larger droplets, as the use does not include fine spraying. Droplets will deposit mainly on upper airways, and will be subsequently swallowed following mucociliary transportation to pharynx. This results to no principal difference in absorption compared oral route.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The combination of sub-acute to sub-chronic (AF 3) and sub-chronic to chronic (AF 2)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Already included in NOAEC calculation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive review that there is no justification for the suggested additional factor of 2.5; therefore a factor of 1 has been applied.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive scientific review that the appropriate factor for intraspecies differences for consumers/general population is 5 (Actually considered as sufficient for the combined remaining inter-species and intra-species factors)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data derived from valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECETOC
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Extrapolation from oral NOAEL represents a worst case situation, as dermal absorption is considered to be lower compared to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The combination of sub-acute to sub-chronic (AF 3) and su-chronic to chronic (AF 2)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive review that there is no justification for the suggested additional factor of 2.5; therefore a factor of 1 has been applied.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive scientific review that the appropriate factor for intraspecies differences for consumers/general population is 5 (Actually considered as sufficient for the combined remaining inter-species and intra-species factors)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data derived from valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECETOC
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No route-to-route extrapolation needed
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The combination of sub-acute to sub-chronic (AF 3) and su-chronic to chronic (AF 2)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling for rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive review that there is no justification for the suggested additional factor of 2.5; therefore a factor of 1 has been applied.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECETOC reported in 2010 after an extensive scientific review that the appropriate factor for intraspecies differences for consumers/general population is 5 (Actually considered as sufficient for the combined remaining inter-species and intra-species factors)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Available data derived from valid studies showing consistent results within category.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
These substances are only applied in professional or industrial settings applying adequate PPE. Consequently, consumers/general population will not be exposed.
However, in order to be able to evaluate possible secondary exposures via environment, the long-term systemic DNELs for general population have been derived.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.