2-[(octadecylcarbamoyl)oxy]ethyl acrylate

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2017

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-[(octadecylcarbamoyl)oxy]ethyl acrylate

EC Number:

811-432-1

Cas Number:

78433-08-6

Molecular formula:

C24H45NO4

IUPAC Name:

2-[(octadecylcarbamoyl)oxy]ethyl acrylate

Test material form:

solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identification: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[[(octadecylamino)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl ester
Physical state/Appearance: White solid
CAS Number: 78433-08-6
Purity: >98%

Method

Target gene:

Salmonella typhimurium
TA1537 his C 3076; rfa-; uvrB-: frame shift mutations
TA98 his D 3052; rfa-; uvrB-;R-factor
TA1535 his G 46; rfa-; uvrB-: base-pair substitutions
TA100 his G 46; rfa-; uvrB-;R-factor

Escherichia coli
WP2uvrA trp-; uvrA-: base-pair substitution

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9-mix

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiment 1
The maximum concentration was 5000 microg/plate (the maximum recommended dose level). Eight concentrations of the test item (1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 microg/plate) were assayed in triplicate against each tester strain, using the direct plate incorporation method.

Experiment 2

The dose range used for Experiment 2 was determined by the results of Experiment 1 and was 15 to 5000 µg/plate.

Six test item dose levels per bacterial strain were selected in the second mutation test in order to achieve both a minimum of four non-toxic dose levels and the potential toxic limit of the test item following the change in test methodology from plate incorporation to pre-incubation.

Vehicle / solvent:

dimethyl formamide

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

untreated control

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

9-aminoacridine

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

benzo(a)pyrene

other: 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Test for Mutagenicity: Experiment 1 - Plate Incorporation Method
Test Item Preparation and Analysis
The test item was insoluble in sterile distilled water, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethyl formamide and acetonitrile at 50 mg/mL, acetone at 100 mg/mL and tetrahydrofuran at 200 mg/mL in solubility checks performed in–house. The test item formed the best doseable suspension in dimethyl formamide, therefore, this solvent was selected as the vehicle.

The test item was accurately weighed and approximate half-log dilutions prepared in dimethyl formamide by mixing on a vortex mixer and sonication for 30 minutes at 40 °C on the day of each experiment. The 50 mg/mL formulation was kept warm to conserve a doseable suspension. Formulated concentrations were adjusted to allow for the stated water/impurity content (2%) of the test item. Dimethyl formamide is considered an acceptable vehicle for use in this test system (Maron et al., 1981). Prior to use, the solvent was dried to remove water using molecular sieves i.e. 2 mm sodium alumino silicate pellets with a nominal pore diameter of 4 x 10-4 microns.

All formulations were used within four hours of preparation and were assumed to be stable for this period. Analysis for concentration, homogeneity and stability of the test item formulations is not a requirement of the test guidelines and was, therefore, not determined. This is an exception with regard to GLP and has been reflected in the GLP compliance statement. This exception is considered not to affect the purpose or integrity of the study.

Without Metabolic Activation
0.1 mL of the appropriate concentration of test item, solvent vehicle or appropriate positive control was added to 2 mL of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media containing 0.1 mL of one of the bacterial strain cultures and 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer. These were then mixed and overlayed onto a Vogel Bonner agar plate. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test. Each concentration of the test item, appropriate positive, vehicle and negative controls, and each bacterial strain, was assayed using triplicate plates.

With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial culture, 0.5 mL of S9 mix was added to the molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media instead of phosphate buffer.

Incubation and Scoring
All of the plates were incubated at 37 ± 3C for approximately 48 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity). Manual counts were performed at and above 1500 microg/plate because of test item precipitation. Several further manual counts were also required due to revertant colonies spreading slightly, thus distorting the actual plate count.

Test for Mutagenicity: Experiment 2 – Pre-Incubation Method
As Experiment 1 was deemed negative (please see results section), Experiment 2 was performed using the pre-incubation method in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.

Without Metabolic Activation
0.1 mL of the appropriate bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer and 0.1 mL of the test item formulation, solvent vehicle or 0.1 mL of appropriate positive control were incubated at 37 ± 3C for 20 minutes (with shaking) prior to addition of 2 mL of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media and subsequent plating onto Vogel Bonner plates. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test employing the plate incorporation method. All testing for this experiment was performed in triplicate.

With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of S9 mix was added to the tube instead of phosphate buffer, prior to incubation at 37 ± 3C for 20 minutes (with shaking) and addition of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media. All testing for this experiment was performed in triplicate.

Incubation and Scoring
All of the plates were incubated at 37 ± 3C for approximately 48 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity). Manual counts were performed at and above 500 microg/plate because of test item precipitation.

Evaluation criteria:

The reverse mutation assay may be considered valid if the following criteria are met:
All bacterial strains must have demonstrated the required characteristics as determined by their respective strain checks according to Ames et al., (1975), Maron and Ames (1983) and Mortelmans and Zeiger (2000).
All tester strain cultures should exhibit a characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the vehicle and untreated controls (negative controls). Acceptable ranges are presented as follows:
TA1535 7 to 40
TA100 60 to 200
TA1537 2 to 30
TA98 8 to 60
WP2uvrA 10 to 60

Statistics:

Statistical significance was confirmed by using Dunnetts Regression Analysis (* = p < 0.05) for those values that indicate statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies compared to the concurrent solvent control.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not determined

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not determined

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not determined

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not determined

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not determined

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix), in the first mutation test (plate incorporation method) and consequently the same maximum dose level was used in the second mutation test. Similarly there was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix), in the second mutation test (pre-incubation method). A test item precipitate (white and particulate in appearance) was initially noted from 150 µg/plate (pre-incubation method) and 500 g/plate (plate incorporation method), this observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
There were no toxicologically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiment 1 (plate incorporation method). Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiment 2 (pre incubation method). A small, statistically significant increase in WP2uvrA revertant colony frequency was observed in the presence of S9-mix at
15 µg/plate in the first mutation test. This increase was considered to be of no biological relevance because there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or reproducibility. Furthermore, the individual revertant colony counts at 15 µg/plate were within the in-house historical untreated/vehicle control range for the tester strain and the fold increase was only 1.7 times the concurrent vehicle control.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

2-Propenoic acid, 2-[[(octadecylamino)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl ester was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.