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EC number: 604-866-6 | CAS number: 152628-02-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 February 2014 - 27 March 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Test method according to OECD 471. GLP study.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- Histidine-requiring gene in Salmonella typhimurium and Tryptophan-requiring gene in the strain of Escherichia coli.
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix from rat liver
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 5000, 1581, 500, 158.1, 50, 15.81 and 5 μg/plate.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The solubility of the test item was examined using Distilled water, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Acetone. The test item was insoluble in Distilled water. The formulation at 100 mg/mL concentration using Acetone as vehicle was inhomogeneous suspension; however, the formulations at 100 mg/mL concentration using DMSO as vehicle was suitable for the test. Therefore, DMSO was selected as vehicle (solvent) of the study. Purity conversion was applied in the main experiment (ie. concentration of the test item in the dosing formulation was adjusted according to the water content of the provided material). For the purity conversion, the 94.4% purity data of the test item was taken into consideration, thus a correction factor of 1.06 was used at dose formulation preparation. - Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO and distilled water
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- TA100, TA1535, -S9; 2 µg/plate
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 4-nitro-1,2-phenylene-diamine
- Remarks:
- TA98, -S9; 4 µg/plate
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- TA1537, -S9; 50 µg/plate
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- WP2 uvrA, -S9; 2 µg/plate
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoantracene
- Remarks:
- all Salmonella strains, +S9; 2 µg/plate
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- WP2 uvrA, +S9; 50 µg/plate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION:
Plate incorporation (initial mutation test):
Molten top agar was prepared and kept at 45°C. 2 mL of top agar was aliquoted into individual test tubes (3 tubes per control or concentration level). The equivalent number of minimal glucose agar plates was properly labelled. The test item (or controls) and other components (top agar, overnight culture of test strain, phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) or S9 mix) were prepared freshly and added to the overlay (45°C). This solution was mixed and poured on the surface of minimal agar plates. After preparation, the plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.
Pre-incubation (confirmatory mutation test):
Before the overlaying, the test item formulation (or vehicle/solvent or reference control), the bacterial culture and the S9 mix or phosphate buffer was added into appropriate tubes to provide direct contact between bacteria and the test item (in its vehicle/solvent). The tubes (3 tubes per control or concentration level) were gently mixed and incubated for 20 min at 37ºC in a shaking incubator. After the incubation period, 2 mL of molten top agar was added to the tubes; the content was mixed up and poured onto minimal glucose agar plates as described for the standard plate incorporation method. After preparation, the plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 replicates per dose and controls.
EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA:
The colony numbers were determined by manual counting.
Visual examination of the plates was performed, precipitation or signs of growth inhibition (if any) were recorded.
The mean number of revertants per plate, the standard deviation and the mutation factor values were calculated. - Evaluation criteria:
- Criteria for a Positive Response:
A test item was considered mutagenic if:
- a dose–related increase in the number of revertants occurred and/or;
- a reproducible biologically relevant positive response for at least one of the dose groups occurred in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation.
An increase was considered biologically relevant if:
- the number of reversions is more than two times higher than the reversion rate of the negative (solvent) control in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA bacterial strains;
- the number of reversions is more than three times higher than the reversion rate of the negative (solvent) control in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and TA1537 bacterial strains.
According to the guidelines, statistical method may be used as an aid in evaluating the test results. However, statistical significance should not be the only determining factor for a positive response.
Criteria for a Negative Response:
A test article was considered non-mutagenic if it produced neither a dose-related increase in the number of revertants nor a reproducible biologically relevant positive response at any of the dose groups, with or without metabolic activation. - Statistics:
- The mean number of revertants per plate, the standard deviation and the mutation factor values were calculated for each concentration level of the test item and for the controls using Microsoft ExcelTM software.
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
The numbers of revertant colonies were mostly in the normal range (minor differences were detected in some sporadic cases, but they were without biological significance and considered as biological variability of the test system). No signs of inhibitory, cytotoxic effects were observed in the preliminary experiment in any examined bacterial strain at any concentration with or without metabolic activation. Precipitate / slight precipitate was detected on the plates in the both tester strains at 5000, 2500, 1000 and 316 μg/plate concentrations with and without metabolic activation.
TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: Precipitation was detected on the plates in the main tests in all examined strains at 5000 and 1581 μg/plate concentrations with and without metabolic activation.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
The mean values of revertant colonies of the vehicle (solvent) control plates were within the historical control range, the reference mutagens showed the expected increase in the number of revertant colonies. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative (with and without metabolic activation)
The test item had no mutagenic activity in the applied bacterium tester strains under the test conditions used in this study. - Executive summary:
The test item was tested for potential mutagenic activity using the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay according to OECD Guideline 471 (GLP study). The experiments were carried out using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9 fraction prepared from the livers of rats). Based on the results of the Solubility Test, the test item was dissolved in DMSO. Concentrations of 5000; 2500; 1000; 316; 100; 31.6 and 10 μg/plate were examined in the Range Finding Test. Based on the results of the Range Finding Test, the test item concentrations in the main tests were 5000, 1581, 500, 158.1, 50, 15.81 and 5 μg test item/plate. In the Initial Mutation Test and Confirmatory Mutation Test, none of the observed revertant colony numbers were above the respective biological threshold value. There were no dose-related trends and no indication of any treatment effect. In all test item treated groups, the numbers of revertant colonies did not exceed the biological relevance when compared to the vehicle (solvent) control and were within the normal biological variability of the test system. Precipitation was detected on the plates in the main tests in all examined strains at 5000 and 1581 μg/plate concentrations with and without metabolic activation. The mean values of revertant colonies of the vehicle (solvent) control plates were within the historical control range, the reference mutagens showed the expected increase in the number of revertant colonies, the viability of the bacterial cells was checked by a plating experiment in each test. At least five analyzable concentrations were presented in all strains of the main test, the examined concentration range was considered to be adequate. The study was considered to be valid. In conclusion, the test item had no mutagenic activity in the examined bacterial strains under the test conditions of this study.
Reference
In the Initial Mutation Test and Confirmatory Mutation Test, none of the observed revertant colony numbers were above the respective biological threshold value. There were no dose-related trends and no indication of any treatment effect. In all test item treated groups, the numbers of revertant colonies did not exceed the biological relevance when compared to the vehicle (solvent) control and were within the normal biological variability of the test system.
Summary Table of the Initial Mutation Test (test item):
Concentration (µg/plate) |
Mean values of revertants / Mutation factor (MF) |
Salmonella typhimuriumtester strains |
Escherichia coli |
||||||||
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
WP2uvrA |
|||||||
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
||
5000 |
Mean |
19.7 |
32.3 |
70.7 |
72.0 |
4.7 |
5.7 |
6.0 |
4.7 |
27.0 |
26.0 |
MF |
0.95 |
1.02 |
0.85 |
0.67 |
1.00 |
0.46 |
0.86 |
0.61 |
0.80 |
0.83 |
|
1581 |
Mean |
19.3 |
20.7 |
72.3 |
87.7 |
7.7 |
9.0 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
23.7 |
31.3 |
MF |
0.94 |
0.65 |
0.87 |
0.81 |
1.64 |
0.73 |
0.67 |
0.61 |
0.70 |
1.00 |
|
500 |
Mean |
25.3 |
31.3 |
70.3 |
97.3 |
9.7 |
8.7 |
5.3 |
4.7 |
33.3 |
38.7 |
MF |
1.23 |
0.99 |
0.84 |
0.90 |
2.07 |
0.70 |
0.76 |
0.61 |
0.99 |
1.23 |
|
158.1 |
Mean |
21.3 |
29.3 |
78.3 |
90.0 |
8.3 |
8.3 |
8.7 |
8.0 |
27.0 |
32.7 |
MF |
1.03 |
0.93 |
0.94 |
0.84 |
1.79 |
0.68 |
1.24 |
1.04 |
0.80 |
1.04 |
|
50 |
Mean |
21.7 |
28.7 |
89.7 |
100.3 |
10.0 |
9.7 |
8.7 |
7.0 |
21.7 |
31.0 |
MF |
1.05 |
0.91 |
1.08 |
0.93 |
2.14 |
0.78 |
1.24 |
0.91 |
0.64 |
0.99 |
|
15.81 |
Mean |
21.7 |
25.7 |
67.3 |
107.0 |
10.7 |
11.3 |
4.3 |
10.7 |
27.7 |
33.3 |
MF |
1.05 |
0.81 |
0.81 |
0.99 |
2.29 |
0.92 |
0.62 |
1.39 |
0.82 |
1.06 |
|
5 |
Mean |
27.7 |
36.0 |
63.0 |
103.0 |
7.3 |
11.3 |
6.0 |
6.3 |
29.7 |
30.3 |
MF |
1.34 |
1.14 |
0.76 |
0.96 |
1.57 |
0.92 |
0.86 |
0.83 |
0.88 |
0.97 |
Summary Table of the Confirmatory Mutation Test (test item):
Concentrations (µg/plate) |
Mean values of revertants / Mutation factor (MF) |
Salmonella typhimuriumtester strains |
Escherichia coli |
||||||||
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
WP2uvrA |
|||||||
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
||
5000 |
Mean |
20.7 |
24.7 |
78.3 |
88.7 |
6.3 |
13.0 |
3.7 |
10.3 |
20.0 |
32.7 |
MF |
1.24 |
0.78 |
0.80 |
0.83 |
0.54 |
1.22 |
0.55 |
0.94 |
0.95 |
1.07 |
|
1581 |
Mean |
22.3 |
32.0 |
77.7 |
110.0 |
8.7 |
11.7 |
4.3 |
8.3 |
20.3 |
29.7 |
MF |
1.34 |
1.01 |
0.79 |
1.03 |
0.74 |
1.09 |
0.65 |
0.76 |
0.97 |
0.97 |
|
500 |
Mean |
15.3 |
29.3 |
85.0 |
106.3 |
10.0 |
13.0 |
6.3 |
5.7 |
23.7 |
28.7 |
MF |
0.92 |
0.93 |
0.87 |
1.00 |
0.86 |
1.22 |
0.95 |
0.52 |
1.13 |
0.93 |
|
158.1 |
Mean |
24.0 |
30.0 |
81.7 |
100.7 |
10.0 |
11.0 |
11.3 |
8.3 |
22.7 |
31.3 |
MF |
1.44 |
0.95 |
0.83 |
0.95 |
0.86 |
1.03 |
1.70 |
0.76 |
1.08 |
1.02 |
|
50 |
Mean |
20.3 |
26.7 |
91.3 |
109.7 |
11.7 |
14.0 |
5.7 |
8.7 |
20.7 |
33.0 |
MF |
1.22 |
0.84 |
0.93 |
1.03 |
1.00 |
1.31 |
0.85 |
0.79 |
0.98 |
1.08 |
|
15.81 |
Mean |
22.0 |
29.3 |
89.3 |
109.7 |
10.3 |
9.0 |
8.0 |
8.3 |
22.3 |
32.0 |
MF |
1.32 |
0.93 |
0.91 |
1.03 |
0.89 |
0.84 |
1.20 |
0.76 |
1.06 |
1.04 |
|
5 |
Mean |
17.7 |
26.7 |
88.0 |
102.0 |
11.7 |
14.7 |
6.0 |
13.3 |
23.3 |
30.0 |
MF |
1.06 |
0.84 |
0.90 |
0.96 |
1.00 |
1.38 |
0.90 |
1.21 |
1.11 |
0.98 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Additional information
Key study: The test item was tested for potential mutagenic activity using the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay according to OECD Guideline 471 (GLP study). The experiments were carried out using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9 fraction prepared from the livers of rats) up to 5000 μg/plate. None of the observed revertant colony numbers were above the respective biological threshold value. There were no dose-related trends and no indication of any treatment effect. In all test item treated groups, the numbers of revertant colonies did not exceed the biological relevance when compared to the vehicle (solvent) control and were within the normal biological variability of the test system. The tests were considered to be valid. In conclusion, the test item had no mutagenic activity in the bacterium tester strains under the test conditions used in this study.
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
Only one study avalaible.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available data, the substance is not classified for mutagenicity according to CLP Regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008.
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