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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 235-115-7 | CAS number: 12069-89-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Data on toxicokinetics was retrieved from the Handbook of Toxicology of Metals. Fourth edition. Edited by: Nordberg, G.F., Fowler, B.A. and Nordberg, M.)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- low bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
Absorption
Inhalation
No human data on the absorption of molybdenum after inhalation could be identified. In guinea pigs no noticeable absorption was reported after exposure through inhalation to 285mg Mo/m3 as molybdenum disulfide. Hexavalent molybdenum compounds were absorbed to an appreciable extent, although no qualitative data was available.
Ingestion
Oral absorption is high in both animals and humans. Animal data from single exposure studies demonstrate that hexavalent molybdenum is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (40 and 85% in guinea pigs, rats, and goats). Molybdenum is well absorbed by humans, with values ranging from 57 to 93% of dietary intake. Molybdenum is an essential trace element for several enzymes important to animal and plant metabolism.
Distribution
In guinea pigs and rats molybdenum trioxide show an immediate accumulation in the kidneys, liver, and bone after acute exposure. A similar distribution is seen in rats, cows, and goats after prolonged exposure. The highest concentrations are found in the kidneys.
In the blood, molybdenum is bound in the form of molybdate, specifically to armacroglobulin, and in erythrocytes to proteins of the erythrocyte membrane, especially spectrin. In controlled human studies, plasma concentrations increased from 4 to 44 nmol/L when the dietary intake increased from 22 to 1400µg/day. Concentrations are usually <10nmol/L. Blood concentrations rise after meals and then return to basal levels. Infused tracer doses disappear rapidly, with 2.5-5% remaining after an hour.
Excretion
The pattern and route of molybdenum excretion in humans is influenced by the dietary intake. Increased molybdenum intake results in increased absorption and urinary excretion (primary route), whereas the fraction deposited in the tissues is decreased. Human studies have demonstrated that when intake is very low, approximately 60% of the amount of ingested molybdenum is excreted in the urine and approximately 40% is eliminated in the stools. When intake is high, > 90% is excreted in the urine and < 10% in the stools. The source of molybdenum in the stools is partly unabsorbed dietary molybdenum and partly endogenous molybdenum excreted into the gastrointestinal tract through the bile.
Biological Half-Life
Based on data on excretion and rapid clearance from the liver, kidney, spleen, testis, and hard tissues of animal the biological half-life is expected to be in the order of hours, extending to a maximum of 1 day in laboratory animals.
(Data on toxicokinetics was retrieved from the Handbook of Toxicology of Metals. Fourth edition. Edited by: Nordberg, G.F., Fowler, B.A. and Nordberg, M.)
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