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EC number: 224-699-9 | CAS number: 4454-16-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets generally accepted scientific methods and is described in sufficient detail.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Critical body residues, Michaelis-Menten analysis of bioaccumulation, lethality and behaviour as endpoints of waterborne Ni toxicity in two teleosts.
- Author:
- Leonard EM, Marentette JR, Balshine S, Wood CM.
- Year:
- 2 014
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicology. 2014 Mar;23(2):147-62. doi: 10.1007/s10646-013-1159-5. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Kinetics were measured for two fish species
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of study / information:
- Kinetics
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel chloride
- EC Number:
- 253-399-0
- EC Name:
- Nickel chloride
- Cas Number:
- 37211-05-5
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel(2+) dichloride
- Test material form:
- other: stock solutions
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): NiCl2.6H2O
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Ni bioaccumulation and Michaelis-Menten parameters
Prior to Ni exposure in the laboratory, the gills, gut, carcass and whole fish of round goby had 1.2-2.6x more Ni in comparison to trout, however, the liver and brain of rainbow trout had 2.1 and 3.8x more Ni, respectively, than the round goby. There was no significant difference in the kidney Ni level. In general, as the Ni exposure concentration increased so did Ni bioaccumulation (this was true for all organs and for both species apart from trout carcass/muscle). Ni bioaccumulation in organs and whole
fish (all organs combined) were comparable between the two species on a per weight basis (Fig. l). Primarily, Ni bioaccumulation occurred in the gills, kidney and gut, with less Ni in the guts of rainbow trout than round goby. Interestingly, little Ni was detected in the brain, suggesting that the blood-brain barrier is fairly efficient for this important behavioural control center. In round goby brains,
elevated Ni were observed only at the highest exposure concentration tested (221.3 umol Ni/L), while in rainbow trout brains, Ni bioaccumulation never exceeded the levels observed in the control fish.
Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants (Bmax and ~) for saturable Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants (Bmax and Kd) for saturable Ni bioaccumulation in the gill, gut, kidney and whole fish of round goby and rainbow trout
|
Bmax(µmol/kg wet wt) |
Kd(µmol Ni/L) |
r2 |
Goby |
|
|
|
Gill |
303.9a |
17.8a |
0.87 |
Gut |
509.4a |
242.6a |
0.99 |
Kidney |
396.2a |
107.8a |
0.97 |
Whole fish |
275.5a |
539.6a |
0.85 |
Trout |
|
|
|
Gill |
277.6a |
86.4a,c |
0.99 |
Gut |
67.7b,c |
75.3a,c |
0.94 |
Kidney |
512.1c |
211.2a |
0.97 |
Whole fish |
19.5b |
46.5a |
0.91 |
The Bmax and ~ values were not calculated for the liver in either species and the carcass for round goby as the relationship between Ni exposure concentration and organ Ni bioaccumu1ation was linear. As well, in the brain and carcass of trout, no relationship was found between Ni exposure and organ Ni concentration.
Values are mean ± SEM
a.b Significant difference between Bmax and Kd values within a species
c Significant difference between a Bmax and Kd values of an organ or whole fish between the two species
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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