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EC number: 200-193-3 | CAS number: 54-11-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2014-11-10 to 2014-11-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was performed in accordance with standard test protocols (OECD 201 resp. EU C.3) in a quality controlled laboratory. The study is valid according to criteria mentioned in the test protocols.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 1 - 100 mg/L
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Unicellular freshwater green alga
- Genus: Desmodesmus
Species subspicatus
SAG Strain Number 86.81
Taxonomic position Chlorophyta - Chlorophyceae
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): MBM Sciencebridge GmbH (Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie of Universität Göttingen)
- Method of cultivation: permanent culture
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 72 h
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 21.6 - 23.6 °C
- pH:
- 8.3-8.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 1.0 / 3.2 / 10 / 32 / 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: closed glass flasks total volume 65 mL
- Initial cells density: 5390 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 352865 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): three replicates for each treatment
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): six replicates for the control
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: To avoid a strong pH increase and CO2 shortage in the closed system, additional 6 mL sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (50 g/L) was added to 900 mL nutrient medium. Then, pH was adjusted to 7.0 (± 0.2) and the solution was filled up to 1000 mL with nutrient medium
- Photoperiod:continuous lightening
- Light intensity and quality: 5800 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: photometric measurement of optical density every 24 h
- Chlorophyll measurement: no
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- Range finding study: no
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32, 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate (CAS No. 7778-50-9)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 37 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 25 - 55
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 9.8 - 17
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 2.7 - 11
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 3.3 - 7.9
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Parameter: 72h ErC50 Value: 0.99 mg/L 95%-confidence-interval: 0.94 – 1.1 mg/L Range of interlaboratory test (EU C.3):0.60 – 1.03 mg/L
Parameter: 72h EyC50 Value: 0.55 mg/L 95%-confidence-interval: 0.52 – 0.58 mg/L Range of interlaboratory test (EU C.3): none stated - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The values for the Yield and the growth rate were used for the assessment of observed effect levels.
In order to select a suitable test for significance, it was checked whether equality of variance was given.
Equality of variance was tested using the following equation:
F = s1^2 / s2^2
with s1 being the greater variance and s2 the smaller one.
The calculated value F was compared with the F-test table (level of significance 95%). If the calculated value was smaller than the tabular value, equality of variance was given.
If equality of variance was given, the t-test was used; else, the WEIR test was used. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- All validity criteria were met.
- Conclusions:
- The study was performed using five concentrations of 1.0 / 3.2 / 10 / 32 / 100 mg/L nominal concentration. Significant inhibition of algal growth was observed at the following concentrations: 100 / 32 / 10 mg/L
Because in the two lowest concentrated treatments no significant inhibition of algal growth could be observed, the lowest test item concentration was not used for evaluation of the results.
At the start and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was determined using HPLC. The measured concentrations in the treatments 3.2 / 10 / 32 / 100 mg/L lay between 96% and 103% of the nominal concentration at the beginning of the test and between 88% and 98% of the nominal concentration at the end of the test.
Therefore, the determination of the results was based on the nominal concentrations.
The EC50 values of potassium dichromate were determined in a separate reference test. For the estimation of the EC50 values of the positive control, the fits showed sufficient statistical correspondence of the data with the dose-response-equation. The values were within the normal range of the laboratory.
All validity criteria were met.
No observations were made which might cause doubts concerning the validity of the study outcome. - Executive summary:
The study was performed using five test item concentrations of 1.0 / 3.2 / 10 / 32 / 100 mg/L (nominal concentration). Incubation time (test system Desmodesmus subspicatus) was 72 hours. The cell concentration of each replicate was determined by measuring the absorption of the corresponding solution at 440 nm every 24 hours with a spectral photometer. The cell density of the cultures was calculated based on the correlation curve between the adsorption and the cell density of the cultures determined with a cell counter. Growth rate µ and yield[1] were determined from the cell densities at the respective observation times.
Significant inhibition of algal growth was observed at the following test item concentrations:
100 / 32 / 10 mg/L
Because in the two lowest concentrated treatments no significant inhibition of algal growth could be observed, the lowest test item concentration was not used for evaluation of the results.
At the start and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was determined by HPLC. The measured concentrations in the treatments 3.2 / 10 / 32 / 100 mg/L lay between 96% and 103% of the nominal concentration at the beginning of the test and between 88% and 98% of the nominal concentration at the end of the test.
Therefore, the determination of the results was based on the nominal concentrations.
The EC50 values of potassium dichromate were tested in a separate reference test. The values lay within the normal range of the laboratory.
The following results for the test item nicotine were determined:
Endpoint
NOEC
LOEC
EC10
EC50
Growth Rate
3.2 mg/L
10 mg/L
5.2 mg/L
37 mg/L
Yield
3.2 mg/L
10 mg/L
5.3 mg/L
11 mg/L
[1]Yield (according to OECD Guideline 201) is defined as the difference between the biomass at the end and the biomass at the start of the exposure period.
Reference
Cell Numbers Main Study
Nom. Conc. in mg/L |
Repl. |
Cell Number/mL |
|||
|
|
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
0 |
1 |
5390 |
25872 |
88396 |
323400 |
2 |
5390 |
28028 |
91630 |
336336 |
|
3 |
5390 |
31262 |
100254 |
369754 |
|
4 |
5390 |
26950 |
99176 |
403172 |
|
5 |
5390 |
28028 |
98098 |
315854 |
|
6 |
5390 |
29106 |
93786 |
368676 |
|
Mean |
5390 |
28208 |
95223 |
352865 |
|
SD |
0 |
1857 |
4707 |
33398 |
|
1 |
1 |
5390 |
29106 |
95942 |
350350 |
2 |
5390 |
29106 |
74382 |
194040 |
|
3 |
5390 |
33418 |
86240 |
299684 |
|
Mean |
5390 |
30543 |
85521 |
281358 |
|
SD |
0 |
2490 |
10798 |
79750 |
|
3.2 |
1 |
5390 |
26950 |
97020 |
366520 |
2 |
5390 |
28028 |
108878 |
413952 |
|
3 |
5390 |
29106 |
98098 |
269500 |
|
Mean |
5390 |
28028 |
101332 |
349991 |
|
SD |
0 |
1078 |
6557 |
73631 |
|
10 |
1 |
5390 |
30184 |
116424 |
211288 |
2 |
5390 |
33418 |
118580 |
215600 |
|
3 |
5390 |
31262 |
111034 |
210210 |
|
Mean |
5390 |
31621 |
115346 |
212366 |
|
SD |
0 |
1647 |
3887 |
2852 |
|
32 |
1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2 |
5390 |
21560 |
20482 |
25872 |
|
3 |
5390 |
20482 |
19404 |
24794 |
|
Mean |
5390 |
21021 |
19943 |
25333 |
|
SD |
0 |
762 |
762 |
762 |
|
100 |
1 |
5390 |
16170 |
16170 |
17248 |
2 |
5390 |
15092 |
16170 |
26950 |
|
3 |
5390 |
18326 |
20482 |
20482 |
|
Mean |
5390 |
16529 |
17607 |
21560 |
|
SD |
0 |
1647 |
2490 |
4940 |
SD = Standard Deviation
Description of key information
One experimental study available in Desmodesmus subspicatus. The overall quality of the study is considered very high (Klimisch 1). The study is GLP compliant and appropriate for risk assessment, therefore no further testing is needed.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 11 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 5.2 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.