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EC number: 201-607-5 | CAS number: 85-44-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Biodegradation test of chemical substance by mircoorganisms etc. stipulated in the order Prescribing the Items of the test relating to the new chemical substance (1974)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This guideline corresponds to 301C, ready biodegradability: modified MITI Test (I) stipulated in the OECD Guidelines for testing of chemicals (May 12, 1981)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- mixture of sewage, soil and natural water
- Details on inoculum:
- Preparation of activated sludge:
Sludge sampling sites and time
Sampling were made four times in every year at ten places in Japan. Details are included in bibliographic source mentioned above
Mixing of fresh and old activated sludge
5L of the filtrate of the supernatant of an activated sludge in the present use was mixed with 500 mL of the filtrate of the supernatant of a newly collected sludge respectively and the mixture was cultured at 7.0 +- 1.0 under the sufficient aeration (prefiltered open air was used for aeration)
Culture
About 30 minutes after ceasing the aeration to the sludge mixture, supernatant corresponding to about 1/3 of the whole volume was removed. Then the equal volume of dechlorination water was added to the remaining portion and aerated again, followed by addition of synthetic sewage*, concentration of that portion was to be 0.1 (W/V)%. This procedure was repeated once every day. The culturing was carried out at 25+-2°C.
*synthetic sewage: glucose, peptone and monopotassium phosphate were dissolved in dechlorination water respectively. Each concentration of them was to be 5(W/V)% and the solution was adjusted to pH 7.0 +- 1.0 with sodium hydroxide.
Control
During the cultivation, appearance of the supernatant, precipitabiltiy, formation of flock, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution and temperature were checked and necessary adjustments were made. microflora in the activated sludge was microscopically observed and sludge with no abnormal symptom was used for the test.
Inspection of activity
Activity of the sludge was inspected to use reference substance. And the relation between new and old activated sludge was taken account. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 2 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Remarks:
- guaranteed reagent, Showa Chemicals Inc.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 85.2
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Executive summary:
In a modified MITI test comparable to OECD TG 301 C the biodegradation of phthalic anhydride was investigated (MITI, 1992). After 2 weeks 85 % degradation of the test substance was determined.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: "fill and draw" batch system: semi-continuous-activated sludge test (SCAS)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, industrial, adapted
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 24 h
- Parameter:
- % degradation (TOC removal)
- Value:
- 88
- Sampling time:
- 24 h
- Parameter:
- other: COD removal
- Value:
- 33
- Sampling time:
- 24 h
- Details on results:
- RS-Freetext:
Kinetic of TOC removal efficiency (%):
0 h: 0
2 h: 23
4 h: 35
24 h: 88
(detected with TOC-analyzer, Model 102 from Beckman Toshiba Ltd.)
Kinetic of test substance (in %):
0 after 0 hour(s)
22 after 2 hour(s)
22 after 4 hour(s)
33 after 24 hour(s) - Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Executive summary:
The biodegradation of phthalic anhydride was investigated with activated sludge obtained from the waste water treatment plant of the Kashima petroleum and petrochemical industrial complex in Japan. The test was performed in a "fill-and-draw" type apparatus with aeration cylinders and is regarded as a test on inherent biodegradability. TOC and COD were monitored during the test. After 24 hours, 33 % degradation was measured with COD and 88 % with TOC (Matsui, 1975, 1988).
Referenceopen allclose all
RM-Freetext:
Related to COD(Mn)
Description of key information
Phthalic anhydride has to be classified as readily biodegradable and is regarded as inherent biodegradable. The hydrolysis product phthalic acid is also readily biodegradable (MITI, 1992; Matsui, 1975; Bayer, 1973).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
All tests found for phthalic anhydride and its hydrolysis product phthalic acid result in ready biodegradability of the substances.
In a modified MITI test comparable to OECD TG 301 C the biodegradation of phthalic anhydride was investigated (MITI, 1992). After 2 weeks 85 % degradation of the test substance was determined. Therefore, phthalic anhydride is classified as readily biodegradable. The biodegradation of phthalic anhydride was also investigated with activated sludge obtained from the waste water treatment plant of the Kashima petroleum and petrochemical industrial complex in Japan. The test was performed in a "fill-and-draw" type apparatus with aeration cylinders and is regarded as a test on inherent biodegradability. TOC and COD were monitored during the test. After 24 hours, 33 % degradation was measured with COD and 88 % with TOC (Matsui, 1975, 1988). Based on this result, phthalic anhydride is regarded as inherently biodegradable. The hydrolysis product phthalic acid shows 74% degradation after 30 days in a closed bottle test, which is comparable to the OECD TG 301 D (Bayer, 1973), indicating that the substance is readily biodegradable.
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