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EC number: 235-487-0 | CAS number: 12251-53-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
No reliable studies on the acute toxicity of sodium aluminate to fish are available. The only available test conducted by Wörmann & Lamberty (1989) using a sodium aluminate product was considered not reliable due to the absence of information on test conditions. Therefore, a weight of evidence approach is applied and data are read-across to various aluminium compounds based on an analogue approach.
Two limit tests were conducted by NIVA (1996a, 1996b) using aluminium oxide and aluminium hydroxide (supernatants) as source chemicals for aluminium. Both tests were conducted according to GLP standards and OECD guideline 203 using Salmo truttaas test species. PH-values ranged between 5.9 and 6.7 in both studies. No mortalities or sublethal effects were observed and LL50s were determined to be >100 mg/L (nominal for Al2O3and Al(OH)3) and LC50s > 74 µg/L and > 72 µg/L (dissolved Al for Al2O3and Al(OH)3).
Aluminium chloride as source for aluminium was used in the studies of Parametrix (2009), ENSR (1992), Callet al.(1984), and Gundersenet al.(1994). The GLP study of Parametrix (2009) was conducted withPimephales promelasaccording to ASTM 2000 guideline. Nominal pH and water hardness were 8 and 50 mg/L, respectively. After dissolving the test item, a part of the aluminum solution was filtered using a 2.0 µM membrane filter. The fish was exposed to unfiltered and filtered test media containing nominal concentrations of 18.75, 35, 75, 150 and 300 mg Al/L for 96 h, separately. After exposure, the dissolved and the total aluminum in each test medium were determined by using AAS. Measured concentrations in the unfiltered test medium ranged from <30 to 218644 µg/L of total Al and from <30 to 561.2 µg/L of dissolved Al. In the filtered test medium measured concentrations ranged from <30 to 1949 µg/L of total Al and from <30 to 638.1 mg/L of dissolved Al. Concentrations of dissolved Al decreased as nominal concentrations of Al increased in both test systems. Significant effects on survival were observed at the three highest concentrations in the unfiltered media. No significant effects were observed by using the filtered test media. As mentioned above, concentrations of dissolved Al were within the same range in the filtered and unfiltered test media. Concluding from the results of that study it could be stated that the survival of fathead minnows was affected by the insoluble Al species and not by the dissolved Al as filtering of test media result in no acute effects of Al on the fish tested.
In another test by ENSR (1992)Pimephales promelaswere exposed at different water hardness: 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L (as CaCO3) at pHs 7.6, 7.8, and 8.1, respectively. The study was conducted under GLP and according to USEPA 1985 guideline. The LC50-values determined based on measured values for total Al were 1.16, 8.18, 20.3, and 44.8 mg/L at water hardness of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L (as CaCO3), respectively. The results demonstrate a decreasing toxicity of total Al to fish with increasing water hardness.
In series of non-GLP studies Callet al.(1984) examined the toxicity of aluminium chloride to five species of fish. Tests were conducted at a water hardness of 47.4 mg/L and at nominal pH values of 6.5, 7.5, 8.2 and 8.5. Tests withOncorhynchus mykiss(formerlySalmo gairdneri) resulted in LC50-values of 7.4 and 14.6 mg/L of total Al at nominal pH of 6.5 and 7.5, respectively. LC50-values determined in the test conducted withPimephales promelaswere >48.2 and >49.8 mg/L at pH 7.5 and 8.2, respectively. LC50-values determined for all other species, i.e.Ictalurus punctatus, Lepomis cyanellus, andPerca flavescens, were >50 mg/L at nominal pH 7.5. Although the studies did not following a certain protocol, based on the test conditions stated, the studies are considered to be reliable.
In a further non-GLP and non-guideline study Gundersenet al(1994) exposedOncorhynchus mykissto AlCl3at four different water hardness concentrations (10, 30, 80 and 120 mg/L as CaCO3) and two pH values (7.3 and 8.3). Additional humic acid was added to some test series. In this test the different parameters, pH, water hardness and humic acid, had hardly an effect on the determined LC50 values. For total Al they were found within a range of 3.75 to 6.17 mg/L without distinct correlation to parameters. The same was found for dissolved Al were LC50-values were in the range of 0.36 to 0.79 mg/L. The study is considered to be reliable.
Aluminium sulphate was used in a non-GLP non-guideline study with Salmo salar by Roy & Campbell (1997). In this study fish were exposed to a nominal pH of 5 and some fish were additionally exposed to fulvic acid. Also in this study LC50-value in both experiments were in the same range of magnitude from 78.3 to 224.1 µg/L.
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