Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 206-058-5 | CAS number: 298-12-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- February 1984
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study was performed according to OECD Guideline No. 405 "Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion"
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 984
- Report date:
- 1984
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Institut Français de Toxicologie, Les Oncins, BP 109 - 69210 L´Abresie, France
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Glyoxylic acid
- EC Number:
- 206-058-5
- EC Name:
- Glyoxylic acid
- Cas Number:
- 298-12-4
- Molecular formula:
- C2H2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-oxoacetic acid
- Details on test material:
- Glyoxylic Acid 50 %
pH-value: 0.3 (at T=21 °C)
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
Six male Albino New Zealand rabbits (per test), weighing about 2.5 kg (+/- 200 g) at the beginning of the study, originating from
accredited breeders.
- Housing:
The rabbits are kept in individual polystyrene cages, measuring 500 x 560 x 360 mm with a perforated polystyrene floor in a ventilated
and air conditioned room.
- Diet: 150 g of complete maintenance food (granulés Lapin Entretien "112" UAR, 91360 - Villemoisson/ Orge) is provided per rabbit and
per day.
- Water: provided ad libitum
- Acclimation period:
Before the start of the experiment, the animals are kept for at least 8 days to allow time for acclimatization. They were vaccinated against
the principal respiratory (pasteurellosis) and digestive diseases of the rabbit (Lysopast and Oventero; Institut Mérieux) and myxomatosis
(lyomyxovax; Institut Mérieux). Within the 24 hrs before the instillation, these animals are selected at random, after elimination of animals
showing possible ocular lesions.
One ear of each animal is pierced and a metal tag (Chevillot: La Quick) is attached for individual identification.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 °C +/- 3 (throughout the year)
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70 %
- Air changes (per hr): 12 - 14 times per hour (pre filtered air: 5-10 µ)
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hrs artificial light at each 24 hour period
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.1 ml of the test substance
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The eyes of 3 rabbits were washed out 4 seconds after instillation and the eyes of 3 other animals 30 seconds after the application of the test substance.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 1 hour after the instillation, and then at Day 1 (24 hrs), Day 2, Day 3, Day 4 and Day 7
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- Method of administration:
Each rabbit is immobilized in a plastic restraining box (Iffa Crédo). The test substance is introduced into the inferior conjunctival sac
of the right eye. The left eye serves as control. The upper and lower eyelids are held together for several seconds to avoid any loss of test
substance.
The animals are restrained for 4 hours, and then replaced in individual cages.
The eyes of 3 rabbits are washed out 4 seconds after instillation, care being taken not to cause injury. The eyes of the other 3 rabbits
were rinsed 30 seconds after the application of the test substance. About 50 ml of the rinsing solution at about 20 °C is administered using a plastic jet at moderate pressure.
The control eye is washed out under the same conditions as the treated one.
The excess of liquid is immediately wiped away with a Codex hydrophilic gauze pad.
Ocular examinations:
For examination of the eyes, the animals are immobilized on a table, and both eyes are comparatively examined.
These examinations are always carried out under the same conditions in particular for the lighting. They are made by comparison with the control eye, 1 hour after the instillation, and then at Day 1 (24 hrs), Day 2, Day 3, Day 4 and Day 7. If the seven days observation is insufficient for fully evaluation the reversibility or the irreversibilty of the lesions observed, it might be extended (maximum: 21 days).
Observation of the condition of the cornea are made with the aid of a Heine´s ophthalmoscope (Microflex). The ophthalmoscope may also used to observe the iris, pupil and lens. A supplementary examination may be performed with a slit-lamp (Haag-Streit).
Ocular examinations are carried out at each above mentioned period, and for each rabbit, according to the following scale, and in the
following order:
Conjunctival lesions and discharge
An alteration of the palpebral or bulbar conjunctiva is minor compared with corneal opacification or a lesion of the iris and pupil. The
anomalies found in the conjunctiva are scored according to the following numerical scale:
Chemosis (oedema):
No swelling: 0
Slight swelling, including the nictitating membrane: 1
Obvious swelling with partial eversion of the lids: 2
Swelling with lids about half closed: 3
Swelling with lids about half closed to completely closed: 4
Discharge:
Absence of discharge: 0
Slight discharge (does not include small amounts normally found in inner canthus): 1
Discharge with moisening of lids and hairs adjacent to lids: 2
Discharge with moistening of lids and hairs on considerable area around the eye: 3
B beeing the value obtained
(Note: The evaluation of disacharge and swelling should be conducted before opening the lids of the animals)
Conjunctival Enanthema (visible by pulling open the eyelids):
Vessel normal: 0
Vessels definitely injected above normal: 1
More diffuse, deeper crimson red, individual vessels not easily discernable: 2
Diffuse dark redness: 3
C beeing the value obtained
Pupillary and iridial lesions
Pupil: Its dimensions, form and position are compared with the control eye. The pupillary DIRECT PHOTOMETER REFLEX (contraction of iris to reduce pupil size) is observed by shining a bright light into the eye (miosis).
Iris: The iris is examined with direct lighting, with an electric torch, and then lighting from the side. The colour, uniformity and texture are
observed. Alterations in the pupil or iris are second using the following numerical scale:
No anomaly: 0
Iris clearly more folded than normal, congestion, swelling, circumcorenal injections (any one or all of these), iris still reacting to light with
reflex contraction (sluggish reaction is positive): 1
No reaction to light, haemorrhage, important destruction (any one or all of these): 2
Corneal lesions:
The cornea is normally glossy, transparent and without any visible blood vessels.
To determine the presence or absence of corneal opacification and to evaluate the affected area, one or two drops of aqueous solution of
sodium fluorescein at 2% (Faure) are instilled in the eye. Excess fluorescein is rinsed with the rinsing solution (Dacryoserum), and then immediately wiped with a gauze pad. If corneal opacification is difficult to determine, an additional examination is carried out in a dark room, with a U.V. lamp, 254 and 366 nm wavelength (Mineralight lamp: model UVSL-25).
Fluorescein examination is not carried out for readings at time 1 hour.
Quantitative evaluations of the degree and the extent of opacity of the cornea are scored according to the following scale:
Degree of opacity (the most opaque area is chosen for the reading):
No opacity, Neither loss of brillance nor gloss: 0
Translucent zone diffuse or scattered, details of iris clearly visible: 1
Translucent zone easily discernible, details of iris slightly obscured: 2
Opalescent zone, no details of iris visible, size of pupil barely discernible: 3
Cornea completely opaque, iris invisible: 4
E beeing the value obtained
Area of cornea affected
One quarter (or less) but not zero: 1
Greater than one quarter, but less than half: 2
Greater than one half, but less than three quarters: 3
Greater than three quarters, up to whole area: 4
F beeing the value obtained
A qualitative evaluation of any ulceration or granulation of the cornea is conducted to determine the irrative capacity of the test substance:
Ulceration (loss of substance with or without swelling of the eye)
No ulceration: 0
Presence of ulceration: U
Area affected
One quarter: a
Greater than one quarter, but less than half: b
Greater than one half, but less than three quarters: c
Greater than three quarters up to whole area: d
(the best method for demonstrating the nature and degree of this lesion is the fluorescein test previously described)
Granulous dystrophy (multiple blisters spread over the corneal epihelium):
No granulation: 0
Presence of granulation: G
Area affected:
One quarter (or less) but not zero: a
Greater than one quarter, but less than half: b
Greater than one half, but less than three quarters: c
Greater than three quarters up to whole area: d
(When there is an hesitation between the two scores of the evaluation scale of the lesions, the superior one is chosen)
If the degree of irritation is very weak, the score is counted as positive only if the irritated eye is really different from the control one.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of all (6) animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3.94
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- Discharge
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of all (6) animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.83
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- Erythema
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of all (6) animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.22
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Remarks:
- Congestion
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of all (6) animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.78
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Remarks:
- opacity
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of all (6) animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3.83
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- highly irritating and corrosive
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- highly irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information
- Conclusions:
- Highly irritating.
Risk of serious damage to eyes. - Executive summary:
In a primary eye irritation study according to OECD TG 405, 0.1 ml of a 50 % solution of Glyoxylic Acid was instilled into the inferior conjunctival sac of the right eye of six male Albino New Zealand rabbits. The left eye served as control. The eyes were washed out 4 seconds (3 animals) and 30 seconds (3 animals) after instillation. Examinations were carried out by comparison with the control eye, 1 hour after the instillation, and then at Day 1 (24 hrs), Day 2, Day 3, Day 4 and Day 7. Glyoxylic Acid 50% caused severe damage to the treated eyes, demonstrating that Glyoxylic Acid 50% is extremely irritating to the rabbit eye.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.