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EC number: 231-210-2 | CAS number: 7447-39-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Already evaluated by the Competent Authorities for Biocides and Existing Substance Regulations.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Residual effects of zinc, copper and nickel in sewage sludge on microbial biomass in a sandy loam
- Author:
- Chander, K. and Brookes, P.C.
- Year:
- 1 993
- Bibliographic source:
- Soil Biol. Biochem. 1993; 25(9):1231-1239
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Relationships between total metals, CaCl2-extractable metals and soil microbial biomass were investigated in a sandy loam soil (Cuckney series) at Gleadthorpe Experimental Husbandry Farm, U.K.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- soil copper
- IUPAC Name:
- soil copper
Constituent 1
Test organisms
- Test organisms (inoculum):
- soil
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Dose descriptor:
- other: see summary
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Relationships between total metals, CaCl2-extractable metals and soil microbial biomass were investigated in a sandy loam soil (Cuckney series) at Gleadthorpe Experimental Husbandry Farm, U.K.. The metals occurred because sewage sludges, enriched either with different rater of the single metals Zn, Cu or Ni, or with combinations of the metals (Zn and Cu or Zn and Ni) at different rates, were applied in 1982 and again, in some cases, in 1986. The observed increases in total soil metal concentrations were generally in good agreement with the intended soil metal additions. However, the proportional amounts of metals extracted by CaCl2differed between metals. Calcium chloride extracted a maximum of about 42% of total Zn, 9% of total Cu and 26% of total Ni in the sludged soil, but very much less (3% of total Zn, 1% of total Cu and 2% of total Ni) in control soils (i.e. the soils that never received sewage sludge). Neither Zn, Cu or Ni present singly in soils at below current EC permitted total soil metal concentrations decreased the amounts of soil microbial biomass. However, Cu at about 4.9 times and Zn at about 2.3 times permitted limits decreased the amounts of soil microbial biomass by 51 and 36%, respectively, when present separately, compared to the control soil. The soils which contained either Cu or Zn separately at about 1.4 times permitted limits contained about 12% less biomass C than the control soil. In contrast, Cu and Zn in combination at about 1.4 and 1.2 times permitted limits, respectively, decreased the biomass by about 29%, and soils containing Cu and Zn in combination at 1.8 and 1.4 times the limits contained 53% less biomass than the control soil. Thus a combination of Zn and Cu decreased the amount of biomass at lower soil metal concentrations than were required when either metal was present singly, suggesting the effects were additive. Biomass C as a percentage of total soil organic C in soils contaminated singly with higher rates of Zn or Cu or with both materials in combination was less than half that in the soil which received no sludge, uncontaminated sludge or sludge contaminated with lower rates of metals. Thus, this statistic provides a sensitive indicator of the effects of heavy metals on microbial biomass.
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