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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 241-234-5 | CAS number: 17194-00-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline conform study with GLP.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
- Report date:
- 1994
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- barium(2+) dichloride dihydrate
- EC Number:
- 600-412-6
- Cas Number:
- 10326-27-9
- IUPAC Name:
- barium(2+) dichloride dihydrate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): barium chloride dihydrate
- EC number: 233-788-1
- Substance type: pure active substance
- Physical state: a whcitrey stalline granule or powder
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- no data available
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9-mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Trial 1, without S9: 50, 160, 500 and 1600 µg/mL
Trial 1, with S9: 50, 160, 500, 1600 and 5000 µg/mL
Trial 2, without S9: 100, 250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 µg/mL
Trial 2, with S9: 500, 1600, 3000, 4000 and 5000 µg/mL - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: no data
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- mitomycin C
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium, duplicate cultures
DURATION (test without S9)
- Exposure duration: In the test without S9, cells were incubated with barium chloride dihydrate for 10 hours.
Spindel inhibitor: (cytogenetic assays): Colcemid was added and incubation continued for 2 hours.
Stain: (for cytogenetic assays): The cells were then harvested by mitotic shake-off, fixer, and stained with Giemsa.
DURATION (test with S9)
- Exposure duration: In the test with S9, cells were treated with barium chloride dihydrate and S9 for 2 hours, after which the treatment medium was removed and the cells were incubated for 10 to 11 hours in fresh medium.
Spindel inhibitor: (cytogenetic assays): Colcemid was added for the final 2 hours.
Stain: (for cytogenetic assays): The cells were then harvested by mitotic shake-off, fixer, and stained with Giemsa.
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: One hundred first-division metaphase cells were scored at each dose level. Classes of aberrations included simple (breaks and terminal deletions), complex (rearrangements and translocations), and other (pulverised cells, despiralised chromosomes, and cells containing 10 or more aberrations).
No further details are given. - Evaluation criteria:
- no data
- Statistics:
- CA data are presented as percentage of cells with aberrations. To arrive at a statistical call for a trial, analyses were conducted on both the dose response curve and individual dose points. For a single trial, a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference for one dose point and a significant trend (P<0.015) are considered weak evidence for a positive response; significant differences for two or more doses indicate the trial is positive. A positive trend test in the absence of a statistically significant increase at any one dose results in an equivocal call (Galloway et al., 1987).
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- no data
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The in vitro chromosome aberration test in CHO cells was negative with and without metabolic activation.
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