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EC number: 231-977-3 | CAS number: 7783-06-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Concentration-time interactions in hydrogen sulfide toxicity in rats
- Author:
- Prior MG, Sharma AK, Yong S et al.
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- Can. J. Vet. Res. 52: 375-379
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hydrogen sulphide
- EC Number:
- 231-977-3
- EC Name:
- Hydrogen sulphide
- Cas Number:
- 7783-06-4
- Molecular formula:
- H2S
- IUPAC Name:
- hydrogen sulfide
- Details on test material:
- Source: Matheson Gas Products, Edmonton, Alberta
Purity: 99.5%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Long Evans, Sprague Dawley, and Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Inc., St. Constant, Quebec
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: recorded
- Housing: individually in stainless steel mesh cages
- Diet (ad libitum): certified laboratory rodent feed (Purina Laboratory Rodentb Chow5002)
- Water (ad libitum): reverse osmosis water
- Acclimation period: 10 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 +/- 2
- Humidity (%): 50 +/- 20
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: gas
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- The exposure chambers were constructed of a clear, acrylic cylinder, with two removable stainless steel cones, and had a volume of 69.3 ± 0.2 L. Each chamber held three circular stainless steel mesh cages, holding four rats per cage in individual compartments. Flows of hydrogen sulphide and air were adjusted to maintain the target concentration in the inhalation chambers. Exhaust air from the chambers was passed through a portable fume scrubber (Mystaire, Plainview, New York) containing a 6% sodium hypochlorite solution, before release into the atmosphere.
- Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were monitored by gas chromatography four times per hour
- Remarks on duration:
- 2, 4 or 6 hours
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 9-12
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- Rats were assigned randomly to exposure groups, which were distributed randomly within the chambers. Seventy-two males and 84 females were assigned to the 2 and 6 h exposure groups, and 72 males and 72 females to the 4 h exposure groups, and exposed to various concentrations of hydrogen sulphide. Postmortem examinations were carried out on all animais dying during the exposure or during the 14 day postexposure observation period.
- Statistics:
- Standard regression and analysis of covariance techniques were used to estimate the effects of hydrogen sulphide concentration, sex, hours of exposure and strain on the weight loss of animals. Lethal concentration (LC10 and LC50) values were estimated by probit analysis using a maximum likelihood iteration technique. Hydrogen sulphide concentrations were transformed to the 1og10 scale for the analysis. Additional statistics on the standard deviation of the estimate, 95% confidence intervals, and the chi-square goodness of fit were also estimated
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 587 ppm
- Exp. duration:
- 2 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: = 821 mg/m3, no strain differences were observed
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 501 ppm
- 95% CL:
- 477 - 545
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: = 701 mg/m3, no strain differences were observed
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 335 ppm
- 95% CL:
- 325 - 345
- Exp. duration:
- 6 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: = 469 mg/m3, no strain differences were observed
- Mortality:
- The probit equations of mortality in rats of all strains exposed to various concentrations of hydrogen sulphide for 2, 4 or 6 h is given in Table I.
- Body weight:
- The regression equation of hydrogen sulphide concentration on weight loss (Table II) showed a significant decrease in weight due to toxic gas concentration. For every 10 ppm (14 mg m-3) increase in gas concentration, the weight loss increased by 0.21 g in the pooled data.
- Gross pathology:
- The mouths and noses of all animals dying from hydrogen sulphide exposure contained considerable amounts of foamy fluid. The lungs failed to collapse when the thorax was opened and had severe pulmonary edema. The trachea and bronchi also contained large amounts of foamy fluid. Histological examination of the affected lungs revealed considerable amounts of proteinaceous fluid in the conductive airways, alveoli, and around the perivascular space of major blood vessels. These lesions were extensive enough to account for death.
- Other findings:
- The mean hydrogen sulphide concentration was almost identical at all 12 sampling positions, indicating a uniform flow and distribution of hydrogen sulphide within the chamber.
Any other information on results incl. tables
TABLE I. Probit Analysis of the Log10Hydrogen Sulphide Concentration
Standard |
LCIo values |
LC50values |
|||
DataSet |
ProbitEquation |
Deviation |
Cla<LC10<Chb |
Cla<LC50<Chb |
x2 |
Pooled |
-5.7479 ± 3.8259X |
0.2613 |
49<298<378 |
508<644<3743 |
192.81 |
2 h |
-118.3300 ± 44.5478X |
0.0224 |
c-<549<597 |
c-<587<-c |
78.96d |
4 h |
-41.6105 ± 17.2645X |
0.0579 |
364<422<447 |
477<501<545 |
19.16 |
6 h |
-62.4003±26.6980X |
0.0374 |
284<299<309 |
325<335<345 |
3.28 |
LE |
-6.2369±4.0157X |
0.2490 |
18<301<385 |
491<628<10086 |
73.04d |
SD |
-2.8743 ± 2.7597X |
0.3623 |
c-<244<362 |
493<713<-c |
85.69d |
F344 |
-9.4625 ± 5.1946X |
0.1925 |
60<344<422 |
499<608<33 17 |
86.18d |
Male |
-3.5296 ± 3.0565X |
0.3271 |
c-<235<357 |
433<617<-c |
90.08d |
Female |
-9.6517 ±5.2194X |
0.1915 |
0<364<-c |
506<641<-c |
108.25d |
aLower limit of 95% confidence interval
bHigher limit of 95% confidence interval'
cNonestimable confidence interval values
d(P < 0.01) forx2test of goodness to fit
TABLE II. Effect of Hydrogen Sulphide Concentration on Weight Loss of Animals
Group |
n |
Intercept |
Slope ± Standard Error |
Mean Standard Error |
% Coefficient of Determination |
Pooled |
456 |
-21.632 |
0.0219'± 0.0022 |
5.60 |
17.89 |
2 h |
156 |
-21.564 |
0.0240'± 0.0048 |
3.53 |
13.89 |
4 h |
144 |
-26.034 |
0.0279' ± 0.0070 |
5.27 |
10.11 |
6h |
156 |
-13.282 |
0.0063±0.0097 |
6.88 |
0.27 |
aHighly significant (P < 0.01)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Groups of male and female Long Evans, Sprague Dawley, and Fischer 344 rats were exposed to varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide for 2, 4, or 6 hours, followed by a 14-day observation period. Exposure chambers were clear, acrylic horizontal flow chambers with two removable stainless steel cones with a total volume of 69 liters. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were monitored by gas chromatography four times per hour. LC50 values of 587, 501, and 335 ppm were calculated for the 2, 4, and 6 hr time points, respectively. No strain differences were observed.
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