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EC number: 203-457-6 | CAS number: 107-05-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: - no guideline followed - non-GLP - very limited information on experimental details
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 985
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - Thirty one TO albino, mice, 3-4 months old and weighing 30-40 g were dosed by gastric intubation 3 times weekly with 3-chloropropene at dosages of 300 or 500 mg/kg (BDH, wt per ml at 20° C, 0.930-0.940 g, in concentrations of 6% or 10%, dissolved in arachis oil) for periods from 2-17.
- Nine control mice were fed with 0.2 ml arachis oil 3 times weekly for up to 17 weeks. Animals were killed after various periods of regular dosing by perfusion fixation through the aorta under deep pentobarbitone sodium anaesthesia. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3-chloropropene
- EC Number:
- 203-457-6
- EC Name:
- 3-chloropropene
- Cas Number:
- 107-05-1
- Molecular formula:
- C3H5Cl
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-chloroprop-1-ene
- Details on test material:
- No information was given about the test material, but as in the publication some of the results of LU 1982 were repeated and as there is an intersection in the two lists of authors it was concluded by the reviewer that they probably used the same material and therefore the information from Lu 1982 is presented here:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): allyl chloride - Physical state: colorless liquid
- Analytical purity: either twice distilled (>99 %) or of a commercial grade with a purity of about 90%,
probably in the study presented her the 99 % pure substance was used
the use of the 90 % substance in the acute experiments was explicitely reported
- Lot/batch No.: not reported
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Storage condition of test material: not reported
Confidential details on test material
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: TO albino mice
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- 3-4 months old and weighing 30-40 g
no further data reported
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- arachis oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- gastric intubation 3 times weekly with 3-chloropropene at dosages of 300 or 500 mg/kg (BDH, wt per ml at 20° C, 0.930-0.940 g, in concentrations of 6% or 10%, dissolved in arachis oil)
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Once per day, for 2 – 17 wks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 3d/wk
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
300 and 500 mg/Kg bw
Basis:
other: nominal via gavage
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Unclear, 31 treated mice, 9 controls
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- no data
- Positive control:
- no data
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- see below
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- - Animals were killed after various periods of regular dosing by perfusion fixation through the aorta under deep pentobarbitone sodium anaesthesia.
- For light microscopy, 3 functionally affected animals were perfused with formal calcium followed by FAM (1 part formaldehyde, 1 part acetic acid, 8 parts methanol). Paraffin sections were stained with H.E., haemotoxylin van Gieson, luxol fast blue/cresyl violet and Glee's and Marsland's silver impregnation. Two mice showing hind limb weakness were perfused with cold formal calcium, and serial frozen sections of gastronemius muscle and soleus muscle were stained to show end plate cholinesterase and nerve ending axons using the bromoindoxyl acetate-silver technique of Pestronk and Drachman (Pestronk A, Drachman DB. A new stain for quantitative measurement of sprouting at neuromuscular junction. Muscle and Nerve 1978; 1: 70-74.4.).
- For electron microscopy, the rest of mice were perfused with Kanovsky's fixative (3% glutaralde¬hyde, 1% paraformaldehyde in 0.07 M cacodylate buffer at PH 7.3). The nervous tissues were post fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Semi-thin (1 micrometre) araldite sections were stained with 1% toluidine blue, and thin sections were treated with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. - Other examinations:
- no
- Statistics:
- Not reported
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
Mice showed weakness of hind limbs after being dosed with 3-chloropropene at 500 mg/Kg for about 1 month.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
no data
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study)
no data
FOOD EFFICIENCY
no data
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study)
no data
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
no data
HAEMATOLOGY
no data
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
no data
URINALYSIS
no data
NEUROBEHAVIOUR
see above, under clinical signs
ORGAN WEIGHTS
no data
GROSS PATHOLOGY
no data
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
Light microscopy:
- Teased nerves showed some fibres undergoing Wallerian degeneration
- Early changes were most readily found, however, in animals dosed for the shortest time (13 days); these changes included increased density of staining of the axon, or apparent loss of the axon with or without myelin sheath degeneration
- Degenerating fibres(irregular clumps of myelin and accompanying axonal changes) generally in intramuscular nerve bundles, and in the small nerve to the medial head of the gastronemius muscle; seldomly in the rural nerve and sometimes in sciatic, median and ulnar nerves and also in the ventral roots
- Some degenerating fibres were seen in the white matter in ventral, dorsolateral and dorsal columns grey matter of the anterior horn, and in some mice there were bilateral lesions consisting of degenerated astrocytes and swollen astrocytic process
- atrophied muscle fibres in the grastronemius muscle was a relatively consistent feature in most treated animals from 23 days of dosing indicating neurogenic atrophy
- female mice showed fewer changes than males.
- few chains of sarcolemmal nuclei in longitudinal sections of leg and foot muscles and some beaded preterminal axon showed a number of stained endplates without associated axons. Axonal sprouting was seen at a few endplates
Electron microscopy:
- densely staining axons seen in 1 micrometre sections were often found to contain accumulations of neurofilaments and to contain aggregations of degenerated mitochondria.
- loss of axons was due to the dissolution of axonal contents. Later stages of degeneration were also evident with breadkdown of myelin sheaths, presence of macrophages containing myelin debris, and occasional Schwann tubes containing one or more Schwann cells
- Abnormalities of Schwann cell cytoplasm, indicating direct effect of allyl chloride upon these cells
- Swollen axons and remnants of basement membranes in unmyelinated fibres were seen in animals dosed for short periods, and collagen pockets were seen frequently. Quantitative studies of unmyelinated fibres showed a reduction in their numbers in allyl chloride treated mice.
- Marked swelling and degenerative changes of some astrocytes in the ventral horn region of spinal cord were seen. Some neurons showed peripheral vacuolation, apparently originating from swelling of the Golgi apparatus. Atrophied muscle fibres with redundant basement membranes and numerous end-plates with complete loss of associated axon terminals were found in gastronemius muscles. Axonal sprouting was seen near the denervated end-plates.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NEOPLASTIC (if applicable)
no data
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (if applicable)
no data
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
In the present study (He 1985) thirty one TO albino, mice, 3-4 months old and weighing 30-40 g were dosed by gastric intubation 3 times weekly with 3-chloropropene at dosages of 300 or 500 mg/kg (BDH, wt per ml at 20° C, 0.930-0.940 g, in concentrations of 6% or 10%, dissolved in arachis oil) for periods from 2-17 weeks. Nine control mice were fed with 0.2 ml arachis oil 3 times weekly for up to 17 weeks. Animals were killed after various periods of regular dosing by perfusion fixation through the aorta under deep pentobarbitone sodium anaesthesia. Goal of the study was to determine the neurotoxic effects of 3-chloropropene after repeated subchronic exposure via the oral route.
Early changes of Wallerian degeneration appeared concurrently at many levels, e.g. in the grey matter of ventral horn, ventral roots, sciatic nerves and terminal parts of motor nerves, but a higher proportion of fibres was affected in the more distal parts.
Electron microscopically, loss of unmyelinated fibres is an early feature of 3 -chloropropene intoxication and has been confirmed by quantitative studies. An increase in the number of axonal neurofilaments appears to be a specific change preceding the onset of Wallerian degeneration in myelinated fibres. There was no significant evidence of neuronal degeneration in the 3 -chloropropene treated mice, but neurons within the ventral horn and a few sensory ganglion cells showed some abnormalities perhaps reflecting a metabolic disturbance. Schwann cells appear to be affected by 3 -chloropropene directly, since alterations were found in the cytoplasm apparently independent of any axonal degeneration. However, there was no segmental or paranodal demyelination seen in teased nerve fibres.
Some nerve fibre degeneration was found in the dorsal column and dorsal lateral column of the spinal cord at cervical levels, suggesting a distal degeneration of the centrally directed fibres of the dorsal root ganglion cells. This topography of the degeneration points to a primary axonal effect which generally falls into the pattern of a central-peripheral distal axonopathy as described by Spencer and Schaumberg (Spencer PS, Schaumberg HH. Central-peripheral distal axonopathy. The pathology of dying-back polyneuropathies. Progr Neuropathol 1976; 3: 253-295.).
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