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EC number: 208-288-1 | CAS number: 520-26-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1939
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The test is not a guideline method nor GLP compliant, but fulfills basically scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- EFFECTS OF NARINGIN AND HESPERIDIN ON ALBINO RATS
- Author:
- ROBERT H. WILSON, and FLOYD DEEDS
- Year:
- 1 940
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Food Science Volume 5, Issue 1, pages 89–92
- Report date:
- 1939
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- As the study had been performed in 1939, prior to any guideline being available, no guideline could be followed. However, basic scientific principles were followed incl. negative control (no treatment) and two different concentrations of test substance application.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hesperidin
- EC Number:
- 208-288-1
- EC Name:
- Hesperidin
- Cas Number:
- 520-26-3
- Molecular formula:
- C28H34O15
- IUPAC Name:
- 5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- sample used in this study had a yellowish color and decomposes at 251 °C and were supplied by the Los Angeles Labroatory of Fruit and Vegetable Chemistry of the Bureau of Chemistry aof Chemistry and Soils, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Albino
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- The rats averaging 50 grams body weight were used at the start of the feeding experiment.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- Hesperidin was mixed with the stock diet in concentrations up to one percent by weight. The animals had free access to food and water at all times.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 200 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- continuous
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.062 other: percent by body weight
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 other: percent by body weight
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- six to eight rats per dose level, sex not specified
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Details on study design:
- Male albino rats averaging 50 grams body weight at the start of the feeding experiment were used, six to eight rats for each dosage level. The substance was mixed with the stock diet in concentrations up to one percent by weight.The animals had free access to food and water at all times.
- Positive control:
- no data
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Observations were made on growth curves, weights of important viscera, and macroscopic and microscopic examination of these tissues.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- Histological examination of paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin
- Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- During the last 50 days respiratory infection was observed throughout the laboratory colony, not related the test article affecting weight gain in this last period of experiment.
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Growth curves of negative controls and dose groups fully parallel.
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- only blood sugar values were monitored
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- During the last 50 days respiratory infection was observed throughout the laboratory colony, not related the test article.
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The weights of the hearts, spleens, livers, adrenals, kidneys and testes were all within normal range and no macroscopical abnormalities were noted. Histopathological examinations showed no significant morphological changes.
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- At the end of 200 days all the rats were killed with ether and autopsied. The weights of the hearts, spleens, livers, adrenals. kidneys, and testes were all within the normal range. All organs appeared normal range. All organs appeared normal macroscopically except the lungs of rats having respiratory infection. Histological examination of paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin showed no significant morphological changes in the livers, hearts, kidneys, spleens, adrenals. and testes of rats receiving hesperidin.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 1 other: percent by weight in food
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects
- Remarks:
- No effects were observed; 1% in diet applied to rats were converted to ca. 750 mg/kg/day calculated for rats with a mean body weight of ca. 250 g and ca. 20 g/day of food consumption.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 750 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects
- Remarks:
- No effects were observed; 1% in diet applied to rats were converted to ca. 750 mg/kg/day calculated for rats with a mean body weight of ca. 250 g and ca. 20 g/day of food consumption.
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- There was no difference between control rats and those receiving hesperidin in the test, giving a negative result. Thus, the NOAEL can be set to 1% (ca. 750 mg) by weight per day in food in this study.
- Executive summary:
The continued feeding to healthy albino rats of hesperidin in a standard diet for a period of 200 days, in concentrations as high as one percent of the diet by weight, gave no evidences of cumulative injury as judged by growth curves, weights of important viscera, and macroscopic and microscopic examination of these tissues. There was no difference between control rats and those receiving hesperidin in the test, giving a negative result. Thus, the NOAEL can be set to 1% (ca. 750 mg) by weight per day in food in this study. This value is consistent with another NOAEL value on Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (a surrogate to hesperidin) in the study of B.A.R. Lina, et al. (1990) and taking into account that rats of 50 g weight were used at the start of the experiment.
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