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EC number: 202-808-0 | CAS number: 99-99-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Remarks:
- Secondary literature with regard to experimental work
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: Population Growth Impairment Assay
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- purity >95%
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Tetrahymena pyriformis
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: other: in vitro
- Duration:
- 40 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 30 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Schultz, 1999
Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain GL-C) 40h-EC50: ca. 30 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- Study with acceptable restrictions: up to date method by the time the study was undertaken
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: see Test Conditions
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- test substance recrystallized
- Test organisms (species):
- other: other fungi: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: other: plant-colonizing fungus
- Duration:
- 88 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 100 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Eckert, 1962
fungi: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 88-h EC50: ca. 100 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- Study with acceptable restrictions: up to date method by the time the study was undertaken
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: see Test Conditions
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- test substance recrystallized
- Test organisms (species):
- other: other fungi: Phytium ultimum Trow.
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: other: plant colonizing fungus
- Duration:
- 88 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 30 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Eckert, 1962
Phytium ultimum Trow 88-h EC50: ca. 30 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Remarks:
- Secondary literature with regard to experimental work
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: Population Growth Impairment Assay
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- > 95 % purity
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Tetrahymena pyriformis
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: other: in vitro
- Duration:
- 40 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 93 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Cronin, 2001
Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain GL-C) 40h-EC50: ca. 93 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: see Test Conditions
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- >95% purity
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Vibrio fisheri
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: aquatic
- Duration:
- 15 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 17.26 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Zhao, 1998
Vibrio fischeri (formerly referred to as Photobacterium phosphoreum) 15min-EC50: 17.26 mg/L- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: Microtox-Test
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Photobacterium phosphoreum
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: aquatic
- Duration:
- 15 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 18 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Zhao, 1993-1995
Vibrio fischeri (formerly referred to as Photobacterium phosphoreum) 15min-EC50: ca.18 mg/L- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: bioluminescence (Microtox)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Vibrio fisheri
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: other: in vitro
- Duration:
- 15 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 14 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Yuan, 2002
Vibrio fischeri (formerly referred to as Photobacterium phosphoreum) 15min-EC50: ca. 14 mg/L- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: see Test Conditions
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Analytical purity: >98% purity
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Photobacterium phosphoreum
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: aquatic
- Duration:
- 15 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Maas-Diepeveen, 1986
Vibrio fischeri (formerly referred to as Photobacterium phosphoreum 15min-EC50: 11 mg/L- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Insufficent documentation for risk assessment. No unit for the effect concentration is given
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: Fermentation Tube Method
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: other bacteria: not specified
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: aquatic
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 7
- Executive summary:
Hoechst AG, 1984
Aquatic bacteria (not specified) EC0: 7 (unit not given)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: DIN 38412 L37
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Vibrio fisheri
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: other: microplate
- Duration:
- 6 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 99.1 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Gellert, 1999
Effects on Vibrio fischeri (formerly referred to as Photobacterium phosphoreum) in quartz glass EC50 was 99.1 +/- 27.8 mg/l. Due to effects of the plastic material of the microplates, EC50 was 157 +/- 19.2 mg/l in polystyrene.- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- not specified
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: comparative QSAR
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Vibrio fisheri
- Details on test conditions:
- Type: other: in silico
- Duration:
- 15 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 5 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: note: "c" (calculated)
- Executive summary:
Devillers, 1999
Vibrio fischeri (formerly referred to as Photobacterium phosphoreum) 15min-EC50: ca. 5 mg/L (unclear if calculated or experimentally determined)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- other: OECD SIDS
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: OECD SIDS
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the OECD SIDS
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- OECD SIDS
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
OECD SIDS (2003):
The following effect values for microorganisms were obtained with 4-nitrotoluene:
3 h-EC50 (Activated sludge): 100 mg/L (Yoshioka et al., 1986)
16 h-EC3 (Pseudomonas putida): 26 mg/L (Bringmann and Kühn, 1976; Bringmann and Kühn, 1977; Bringmann and Kühn, 1980a)
72 h-NOEC (Entosiphon sulcatum): 8.6 mg/L (Bringmann and Kühn, 1980a; Bringmann and Kühn, 1981)
20 h-NOEC (Uronema parduzci): 0.89 mg/L (Bringmann and Kühn, 1980b)
All values are related to nominal concentrations.
Bringmann & Kühn, 1980a.: Water Research 14, 231-241
Bringmann & Kühn, 1980b: Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. 1: 26-31
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- other: BUA report
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: BUA report
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BUA report
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
BUA report (1989):
In a growth inhibition test with Pseudomonas putida, the following toxic threshold concentrations were found for p-nitrotoluene:
TTC (= EC3) = 26 mg/L after 16 hrs (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1977).
Slooff et al. (1983) report that no inhibition occurred in an 8-h cell growth inhibition test with Pseudomonas fluorescensat p-nitrotoluene concentrations up to 10 mg/L.
Other studies on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on Pseudomonas fluorescensand the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coligave the following figures (18-h cell growth inhibition test), with damaging effects indicated only at higher concentrations. No damaging effect was found up to 1000 mg/L for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli (Bayer AG, 1986).
Among the measurements made in a study on the effect of aromatic nitro compounds on the bioluminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum was the mononitrotoluene concentration which causes a 50% reduction in the bacterium's glowing intensity, compared to that of the control, after exposure for 15 minutes. The EC50value for p-nitrotoluene was 10.9 mg/L (Deneer et al., 1988).
In an O2consumption test according to the OECD for activated sludge an EC50 of 100 mg/L was obtained after a 3-h test period for p-nitrotoluene (Yoshioka et al., 1986).
Cell growth inhibition tests with various protozoa gave the following results (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1981):
Entosiphon sulcatum - holoz. bact. consuming flagellate:
TTC (= EC5) = 8.6 mg/L after 72 h
Uronema pardiczi - holoz. bact. consuming ciliate:
TTC (= EC5) = 46mg/L after 20 h
Chilomonas paramaecium - sapr. flagellate:
TCC (=EC5) = 16 mg/L after 48 h
An EC50of 82 mg/L was recorded for the cell growth inhibition effect of p-nitrotoluene on Tetrahymena pyriformis after a test duration of 24 h (Yoshioka et al., 1985). Schultz & Moulton (1984) found a 60h-EC50of 79.5 mg/L (cell growth) for Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Referenceopen allclose all
Log graphic shows about 0.9 mmol/l, which equals about 0.1 g/l
30 mg/l equals about 0.2 mmol/l
- Results are given in mol/l
- It is reported that also tests with an incubation period of 30 min had been performed, and that the results were similar to these performed with a 15 min incubation period
- Unfortunately method only partly described
In quartz glass EC50 was 99.1 +/- 27.8 mg/l. Due to effects of the plastic material of the microplates, EC50 was 157 +/- 19.2 mg/l in polystyrene
OECD SIDS (2003):
The following effect values for microorganisms were obtained with 4-nitrotoluene:
Inoculum | Endpoint | Result (mg/L) | Reference
|
Activated sludge | 3 h-EC50 | 100 | Yoshioka et al., 1986 |
Pseudomonas putida | 16 h-EC3 | 26 | Bringmann and Kühn, 1976; Bringmann and Kühn, 1977; Bringmann and Kühn, 1980a |
Entosiphon sulcatum | 72 h-NOEC | 8.6 | Bringmann and Kühn, 1980a ; Bringmann and Kühn, 1981
|
Uronema parduzci | 20 h-NOEC | 0.89 | Bringmann and Kühn, 1980b
|
All values are related to nominal concentrations.
Bringmann & Kühn, 1980a.: Water Research 14, 231-241
Bringmann & Kühn, 1980b: Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. 1: 26-31
BUA report (1989):
In a growth inhibition test with Pseudomonas putida, the following toxic threshold concentrations were found for p-nitrotoluene:
TTC (= EC3) = 26 mg/L after 16 hrs (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1977).
Slooff et al. (1983) report that no inhibition occurred in an 8-h cell growth inhibition test with Pseudomonas fluorescensat p-nitrotoluene concentrations up to 10 mg/L.
Other studies on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on Pseudomonas fluorescensand the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coligave the following figures (18-h cell growth inhibition test), with damaging effects indicated only at higher concentrations. No damaging effect was found up to 1000 mg/L for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli (Bayer AG, 1986).
Among the measurements made in a study on the effect of aromatic nitro compounds on the bioluminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum was the mononitrotoluene concentration which causes a 50% reduction in the bacterium's glowing intensity, compared to that of the control, after exposure for 15 minutes. The EC50value for p-nitrotoluene was 10.9 mg/L (Deneer et al., 1988).
In an O2consumption test according to the OECD for activated sludge an EC50 of 100 mg/L was obtained after a 3-h test period for p-nitrotoluene (Yoshioka et al., 1986).
Cell growth inhibition tests with various protozoa gave the following results (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1981):
Entosiphon sulcatum - holoz. bact. consuming flagellate:
TTC (= EC5) = 8.6 mg/L after 72 h
Uronema pardiczi - holoz. bact. consuming ciliate:
TTC (= EC5) = 46mg/L after 20 h
Chilomonas paramaecium - sapr. flagellate:
TCC (=EC5) = 16 mg/L after 48 h
An EC50of 82 mg/L was recorded for the cell growth inhibition effect of p-nitrotoluene on Tetrahymena pyriformis after a test duration of 24 h (Yoshioka et al., 1985). Schultz & Moulton (1984) found a 60h-EC50of 79.5 mg/L (cell growth) for Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Description of key information
For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".
OECD SIDS (2003):
The following effect values for microorganisms were obtained with 4-nitrotoluene:
3 h-EC50 (Activated sludge): 100 mg/L (Yoshioka et al., 1986)
16 h-EC3 (Pseudomonas putida): 26 mg/L (Bringmann and Kühn, 1976; Bringmann and Kühn, 1977; Bringmann and Kühn, 1980a)
72 h-NOEC (Entosiphon sulcatum): 8.6 mg/L (Bringmann and Kühn, 1980a; Bringmann and Kühn, 1981)
20 h-NOEC (Uronema parduzci): 0.89 mg/L (Bringmann and Kühn, 1980b)
All values are related to nominal concentrations.
Bringmann & Kühn, 1980a.: Water Research 14, 231-241
Bringmann & Kühn, 1980b: Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. 1: 26-31
BUA report (1989):
In a growth inhibition test with Pseudomonas putida, the following toxic threshold concentrations were found for p-nitrotoluene:
TTC (= EC3) = 26 mg/L after 16 hrs (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1977).
Slooff et al. (1983) report that no inhibition occurred in an 8-h cell growth inhibition test with Pseudomonas fluorescensat p-nitrotoluene concentrations up to 10 mg/L.
Other studies on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on Pseudomonas fluorescensand the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coligave the following figures (18-h cell growth inhibition test), with damaging effects indicated only at higher concentrations. No damaging effect was found up to 1000 mg/L for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli (Bayer AG, 1986).
Among the measurements made in a study on the effect of aromatic nitro compounds on the bioluminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum was the mononitrotoluene concentration which causes a 50% reduction in the bacterium's glowing intensity, compared to that of the control, after exposure for 15 minutes. The EC50value for p-nitrotoluene was 10.9 mg/L (Deneer et al., 1988).
In an O2consumption test according to the OECD for activated sludge an EC50 of 100 mg/L was obtained after a 3-h test period for p-nitrotoluene (Yoshioka et al., 1986).
Cell growth inhibition tests with various protozoa gave the following results (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1981):
Entosiphon sulcatum - holoz. bact. consuming flagellate:
TTC (= EC5) = 8.6 mg/L after 72 h
Uronema pardiczi - holoz. bact. consuming ciliate:
TTC (= EC5) = 46mg/L after 20 h
Chilomonas paramaecium - sapr. flagellate:
TCC (=EC5) = 16 mg/L after 48 h
An EC50of 82 mg/L was recorded for the cell growth inhibition effect of p-nitrotoluene on Tetrahymena pyriformis after a test duration of 24 h (Yoshioka et al., 1985). Schultz & Moulton (1984) found a 60h-EC50of 79.5 mg/L (cell growth) for Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Other data:
Phytium ultimum Trow 88-h EC50: ca. 30 mg/L (Eckert, 1962)
fungi: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 88-h EC50: ca. 100 mg/L (Eckert, 1962)
Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain GL-C)
40h-EC50 : ca. 93 mg/L (Cronin, 2001)
40h-EC50: ca. 30 mg/L (Schultz, 1999)
Aquatic bacteria (not specified) EC0: 7 (unit not given, Hoechst AG, 1984)
Vibrio fischeri (formerly referred to as Photobacterium phosphoreum)
15min-EC50: ca. 14 mg/L (Yuan, 2002)
15min-EC50: 17.26 mg/L (Zhao, 1998)
15min-EC50: ca.18 mg/L (Zhao, 1993-1995)
15min-EC50: 11 mg/L (Maas-Diepeveen, 1986)
15min-EC50: ca. 5 mg/L (unclear if calculated or experimentally determined, Devillers, 1999)
Effects on Vibrio fischeri (formerly referred to as Photobacterium phosphoreum) in quartz glass EC50 was 99.1 +/- 27.8 mg/l. Due to effects of the plastic material of the microplates, EC50 was 157 +/- 19.2 mg/l in polystyrene. (Gellert, 1999)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.